Chapter 4

Stereotype Knowledge

Awareness of cultural stereotypes related to different social groups, regardless of personal belief.

Stereotype Endorsement

the belief that an individuals characteristics are based on their social identity or group membership

Stereotype Activation

The process of automatically making stereotpye’s about a group when encountering members of that particular group

Automatic Activation

When stereotypes are triggered unconsciously and without deliberate thought.

Prototypicality

The degree to which an individual is representative of a particular group or stereotype.

Intersectional Invisibility

When individuals who belong to multiple marginalized groups are overlooked or seen as less prototypical of their groups.

Situational Context

The environment or situation that influences whether stereotypes are activated.

Prejudice

A preconceived opinion or feeling, often negative, toward a group based on stereotypes.

Cognitive Busyness

When a person is mentally preoccupied, making them less likely to engage in stereotype suppression.

Motivated Activation

when a person activates a stereotype that supports their desired impression of someone

Comprehension

The drive to make sense of and understand the world, which can lead to reliance on stereotypes.

Self-Enhancement

The motivation to see oneself in a positive light, sometimes through negative comparisons with others.

Chronic Egalitarian Goals

A long-term commitment to treat all individuals equally and avoid using stereotypes.

Stereotype Relevance

The degree to which a stereotype applies to a particular situation or person.

Activated Stereotype

A stereotype that has been triggered and is influencing thought or behavior.

Stereotype Application

The process of using knowledge about social groups to make judgments.

Motivation to Inhibit Stereotyping

The desire to prevent oneself from applying stereotypes in judgments or behavior.

Comprehension Goals

The need to make sense of a situation or individual, which can increase the likelihood of stereotyping if stereotypes simplify understanding.

Individuating Information

Specific details about an individual that help override stereotypes by highlighting their unique characteristics.

Cognitive Styles

Differences in how individuals process information, which can affect how much they rely on stereotypes.

Self-Protection and Self-Enhancement Goals

The desire to protect one's self by minimizing negative information of oneself, whereas the desire to boost yourself in a positive light

Social Power

The capacity to influence others, which can increase reliance on stereotypes because powerful people often have less motivation to individuate others.

Ability to Inhibit Stereotyping

A person’s cognitive control and awareness, which helps them prevent stereotypes from influencing their behavior.

Stereotype Rebound

When efforts to suppress a stereotype result in becoming even more accessible or stronger in the mind.

Rebound Effect

The increased expression of a stereotype after it has been suppressed for a time.

Consequences of Stereotype Use

The effects of applying stereotypes in judgments or decisions, which can lead to biased behaviors and attitudes.

Biased Interpretation of Behavior

When stereotypes influence how we interpret others' actions, often leading to unfair or inaccurate judgments.

Shooter Bias

The tendency for individuals to be more likely to shoot (or assume danger from) individuals based on racial stereotypes.

Biased Evaluation

When stereotypes influence the assessment of others, leading to unfair judgments.

Individuals and Cultural Artifacts

Stereotypes are not only applied to people but also to objects, traditions, or products associated with certain groups.

Stereotype Maintenance and Change

The processes by which stereotypes are reinforced or altered based on new information.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A phenomenon that occurs when a person's expectations about a situation lead to actions that make those expectations come true.

Subtyping Model

The process by which people create exceptions to a stereotype rather than revising the stereotype itself.

Concentrated Disconfirmation

When individuals who disconfirm stereotypes are seen as unusual or atypical, reinforcing the original stereotype.

Dispersed Confirmation

When multiple members of a stereotyped group disconfirm the stereotype, it is more likely to be revised or weakened.