Beta lactam antibiotics Sketchy Ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin

Is amoxicillin administered orally or by Iv administration

Amoxicillin has good oral availability

what type of antibiotics are ampicillin and amoxicillin?

Ampicillin and amoxicillin are both types of antibiotics known as penicillins.

Yes, both ampicillin and amoxicillin are classified as aminopenicillins.

Which bacteria are targeted by aminopenicillins?

Aminopenicillins are broad spectrum antibiotics meaning they target the gram-positive bacteria targeted by penicillin as well as gram negative bacteria.

Aminopenicillins primarily target gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and some strains of Staphylococcus aureus. They also have activity against certain gram-negative bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli.

Aminopenicillins are generally used for the treatment of?

Gastrointestinal and urinary tract gram negative rods

Mechanism of action of beta lactam antibiotics

The bind to the penicillin binding protein halting peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis

Amoxicillin is used to to treat

-Streptococcal pharyngitis [strep throat]

-Acute otitis media

-Sinusitis caused by strep pneumoniae, H.influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis

-Pneumonia caused by strep pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza.

-Helicobacter pylori infection [part of the triple threat therapy

-Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdoeferi

Name the antibiotics that make up the triple threat therapy for Helicobactor pylori infection

Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin and a PPI [proton pump inhibitor like ondansetron]

Ampicillin is used to treat

-Anaerobic infections [like aspiration pneumonia: enterococcus]

-Meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes

-Enterococcus [diploid drums on sketchy] NOTE that there are ampicillin resistant strains of enterococcus due to beta lactamase production (causes UTIs and Endocarditis)

Is ampicillin administered orally of via IV administration?

Iv administration

Which beta lactamase inhibitor is used with ampicillin?

sulbactam

Which beta lactamase inhibitor is used with amoxicillin?

Clavulanate

Name 3 beta lactamase inhibitors

-Clavulanate

-Sulbactam

-Tazobactam

Which beta lactamase inhibitor is used with piperacillin?

Tazobactam is the beta-lactamase inhibitor used with piperacillin.

Which beta lactamase inhibitor is used with tigeracillin?

The beta-lactamase inhibitor used with ticarcillin is clavulanic acid/ clavulanate

TRUE or FALSE: Aminopenicillins are resistant to beta lactamase

False. Aminopenicillins are sensitive to beta lactamase thus are usually paired with beta lactamase inhibitors.

Why is amoxicillin used in asplenic patients?

Asplenic patients are at higher risk of infection from encapsulated bacteria [e.g Strep pneumoniae and H.influenza

Amoxicillin is used in the prophylaxis of

-Used as antimicrobial prophylaxis in young patients post splenectomy and in asplenic patients with fever

-Amoxicillin prophylaxis before dental procedures in patients at high risk for endocarditis

Adverse effects of aminopenicillins

-They can cause rash that can manifest more seriously as Stevens-Johnson syndrome

-Amoxicillin/ clavulanate- can cause drug induced liver injury

-Ampicillin and amoxicillin can be associated with skin rash when associated with viral illnesses such as Ebstein bar viruses

Piperacillin and ticarcillin are used to treat

-Anaerobic infections [aspiration pneumonia]

-Pseudomonas [mona lisa]

Is piperacullin administered via Iv or oral administration

IV administration

Between ampicillin and amoxicillin which drug is better for shigellosis

Ampicillin