Chemistry Paper 1 Topics

Proton charge

+1

Neutron charge

0

Electron charge

-1

What makes up the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and Neutrons

Which particles have a relative mass of 1?

Protons and Neutrons

Which sub-atomic particle does not have a charge?

Neutron

What do we call an atom that has a positive or negative charge?

An Ion

Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers.

Mass number

Total number of Proton and Neutron

Molecule

When it is made of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Compound

A substance made from two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.

Mixture

Contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Solvent

A liquid in which substances can dissolve. E.g. Water.

Soluble

Solid substances that can dissolve in liquids.

Insoluble

Solids that cannot dissolve.

Filtration

A process where solid particles in a liquid are removed.

Crystallisation

A process of forming solid crystals from a solution by allowing the solvent to evaporate slowly.

Fractional Distillation

A mixture of liquids is boiled and the resulting vapours travel through the fractionating column to separate.

Distillation

A process used to separate liquids based on their boiling points.

Catalyst

A substance that can speed up a chemical reaction without being used up.

Electrostatic force

Attractive or Repulsive forces between particles that are caused by their electric charge.

Metallic bonding

Strong attraction between positive metal ions and delocalized electrons.

Ionic bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed when a metal transfers electrons to a non-metal.

Covalent bonding

Sharing of electron pairs between two non-metal atoms to achieve a full outer shell.

Alloy

A metal combined with one or more elements.

Melting

Solid to Liquid.

Freezing

Liquid to Solid.

Vaporisation

Liquid to Gas.

Condensation

Gas to Liquid.

Deposition

Gas to Solid.

Sublimation

Solid to Gas.

pH scale 1-7

Acidic.

pH scale 8-14

Alkaline.

Oxidation

Gain of oxygen.

Reduction

Loss of oxygen.

Oxidation (Electrons)

Lose of electrons.

Reduction (Electrons)

Gain of electrons.

Electrolysis

Using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements.

Positive electrode

Anode.

Negative electrode

Cathode.

Cathode

A reduction reaction occurs because they gain electrons.

Anode

An oxidation reaction occurs because they lose electrons.

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electricity through the movements of ions.

Exothermic reaction

A reaction that releases thermal energy to the surroundings.

Endothermic reaction

A reaction that takes in thermal energy from the surroundings.