2.8 A&B

On units 2.8a and 2.8b

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

General Intelligence ("g" factor)

A general cognitive ability that can be measured and numerically expressed.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to reason and think flexibly; tends to diminish with age.

Crystallized Intelligence

The accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills acquired throughout life; tends to increase with age.

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Describes different types of intelligence based on various skills and abilities.

Mental Age

The level of intelligence test performance, representing cognitive ability.

Chronological Age

Age measured in years from birth to present.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A score derived from the formula for measuring intelligence.

Intelligence Tests

Assess an individual’s mental aptitude and compare them with others.

Aptitude Tests

Designed to assess a person’s potential or capability to learn new skills.

Achievement Tests

Measure a person’s level of knowledge or proficiency in a specific area.

Psychometrics

The scientific study of the measurement of abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Standardization

Establishing uniform testing procedures and comparing scores with a pretested group.

Normal Curve

A bell-shaped distribution of scores where most scores cluster around the average.

Reliability

The tendency of a test to produce consistent results over time.

Test/Retest Reliability

The consistency of test results when administered at different times.

Split-Half Reliability

The extent to which different parts of a test contribute equally to what is being measured.

Validity

The accuracy with which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Content Validity

The extent to which a test samples the relevant behaviors of interest.

Construct Validity

How well a test measures the concept or trait it intends to measure.

Predictive Validity

The effectiveness of a test in predicting future performance.

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in average intelligence test scores over time, across various cultures.