physics b1

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What is the difference between definite shape and definite volume?

• Definite shape: The object maintains its form (e.g., solids).

• Definite volume: The object occupies a fixed space but can change shape (e.g., liquids).

How do the intermolecular forces in gases compare to those in solids?

Gases have negligible intermolecular forces except during collisions, while solids have strong forces that keep particles in fixed positions.

What is the arrangement of molecules in a solid?

Molecules are tightly packed in a fixed, orderly structure.They vibrate in place but do not move freely.

How do particles move in a liquid?

Particles can slide past each other, allowing liquids to flow.

What is the effect of temperature on the average kinetic energy of particles?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

What happens to internal energy during a phase change?

During a phase change, potential energy increases as particles move farther apart.

Why is the Kelvin scale preferred for scientific calculations?

The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero, allowing for a direct and proportional relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy.

What is the relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy?

The average kinetic energy (Ek​) of a particle is given by Ek=(3/2) kBT, where T is temperature in Kelvin.

What are the two components of internal energy?

1. Random kinetic energy (motion of particles)

2. Intermolecular potential energy (forces between particles)

What is the formula for density?

Density (ρ) is defined as ρ=m/V, where m is mass and V is volume.