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33 Terms

1
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The primary type of immigrants that earlier flows primarily consisted of.

Manual laborers

2
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Geographical propinquity

Reduces costs of the journey for those who come on their own and lowers costs of return for everyone.

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Central and Eastern European peoples in the Midwest

Their concentration reflects the development of heavy industry in the area, particularly steel and auto making.

4
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Canal companies' recruitment

Irish and Italian workers were moved more inland.

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Railway construction immigrant groups

Chinese and Mexican workers were primarily recruited.

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Finnish workers

The immigrant group associated with the settlement for copper mine and timber companies.

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German settlers

Immigrant group that often took advantage of cheap land in the Midwest to start rural farms.

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Professionals

Type of immigrants who are more dispersed throughout the country than physical labor migrants.

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Largest concentrations of Cubans

Located in Miami, Florida.

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Vietnamese descendants

Concentrated in Orange County and San Jose, California.

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Immigrant states in 2019

Showed no crazy growth compared to previous years.

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California

State with the largest number of immigrants overall in 2019.

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Indian immigrants

The most dispersed group of immigrants across the country in 2019.

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Jamaican, Dominican, and Haitian immigrants

Groups that have concentrated in NYC as industrial and urban laborers.

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Mexicans

The largest national immigrant contingent in 2019.

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Indians

Immigrant group with a sizable number of professionals that settled in Los Angeles, forming an ethnic enclave.

17
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Potential benefits of spatial concentration

Includes preservation of lifestyle, regulation of acculturation pace, social control over the young, and access to community networks.

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Puritans from New Haven colony

The earliest immigrants to Newark in 1666.

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Economic immigrants

They are usually not firstborns and immigrate to gain economically.

20
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The journey of immigrants

Was often very dangerous, lengthy, and expensive.

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Indentured servants

Typically underwent hard labor for 4-7 years, with the potential for extended length.

22
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Forced migration of enslaved Africans

Millions were taken, with NYC being the largest slave trade port in America.

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Transports

Convicts transported to America as a form of punishment.

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Disease and quarantine

People were quarantined and hospitalized due to sickness, with religious and scientific explanations being considered.

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Early 1800s immigration to NY

Was not easy or pleasant, though many immigrants ended better off in America.

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Immigration restrictions before the Civil War

There was no immigration policy, leaving it up to the states.

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1920s immigration concerns

Worries intensified over southern and eastern Europeans straining social services.

28
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Cold War refugee policy

US prioritized allowing refugees fleeing communism.

29
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Refugees fleeing Vietnam in the 1970s

Significantly impacted changing immigration policies.

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Cecilia Munoz's argument

Issues arise from not having a clear asylum policy, complicating decisions for asylum seekers.

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Length of asylum processing

Takes between 4 and 5 years.

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Legal limbo from asylum processing

Results in uncertain status for applicants during the lengthy process.

33
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Trump and Biden administrations

Both made changes regarding immigration policies.