set 2

1. Which type of immigrants did the earlier flows primarily consist of? Manual laborers

2. What does Portes state about geographical propinquity?first, for those who come on their own, it reduces the costs of the journey; second, for everyone, it reduces the costs of return

3. What does Portes state about the concentration of Central and Eastern European peoples in the Midwest?reflects the development of heavy industry in this area more than a century ago—first steel and later auto making. 

4. What does Portes state about canal companies' recruitment in terms of: which two primary immigrant groups and what are their subsequent settlement patterns? Irish and italian workers were moved more inland

5. And about which two immigrant groups for railway construction? Chinese and mexican

6. And about which immigrant group and where for settlement for copper mine and timber companies? Finnish workers

7. Which immigrant group(s) often took advantage of cheap land in the Midwest to go into business for themselves (particularly for ownership of rural farms)? German settlers

8. Which type of immigrants tend to be more dispersed throughout the country than physical labor migrants? Professionals, such as physicians, engineers, and scientists

9. Which area contains the largest concentrations of Cubans (descendants of those who received political asylum)? Miami (florida)

10. And of Vietnamese (descendants of those who received political asylum)? Orange county and san jose california

11. What does Table 11 tell us about the states with the largest number of immigrants in 2019, specifically: There was not crazy growth like the years before

    • Which state had the largest number overall?california

12. Which group of immigrants was the most dispersed across the country in 2019? Indian immigrants

13. Which group of immigrants, mainly industrial and urban laborers, has concentrated in NYC in the past few decades?Jamaican, Domini- can, and Haitian

14. Which group of immigrants was the largest national contingent in 2019? Mexicans

15. Which immigrant group does Portes describe as containing a sizable number of professionals with a main destination of Los Angeles, where an ethnic enclave grew rapidly in the 1980s and 1990s? Indians

16. What does Portes list as the potential benefits of spatial concentration for members of the immigrant generation?

preservation of a valued lifestyle, regulation of the pace of acculturation, greater social control over the young, and access to community networks for both moral and economic support.

Unit 1

Who were the earliest immigrants to Newark in 1666 (from which country)?

Puritans from New Haven colony

Which groups were settling in Newark in large numbers in the early 1900s?

Immigrants from europe

What is said about the Puritans?

Immigrated to NYC and Newark from New Haven colony.

Why were locations such as Newark and New York selected for settlement?

For their geography, waterways, easy trade and transportation.

What do we learn about economic immigrants?

They are usually not firstborns, came over to gain economically

What do we learn about the journey?

Very dangerous, lengthy, expensive

What do we learn about indentured servants?

Usually, hard labor, 4-7 years, length can be extended

What do we learn about the forced migration of enslaved Africans?

Millions of people were taken, NYC was the largest slave trade port in America

Who were “transports”?

Convicts were transported to America as punishment.

What do we learn about disease and quarantine?

Quarantined and hospitalized. Religious and scientific reasons were looked at for why people were sick and diseased

What do we learn about the early 1800s and immigration to NY?

It was not very easy or pleasant however many ended up better off in America, immigrants were given ice cream when they entered America.

What do we learn about immigration restrictions prior to the Civil War?

There was no immigration policy, it was up to the states.

What happened by the 1920s?

People were worried those from southern and eastern Europe put a strain on social services, US clamped down on catholic and Jewish immigrants

Why was the Cold War important to US immigration history (refugee policy)?

US prioritized allowing in refugees fleeing communism using it as a tool

What was the significance of refugees fleeing Vietnam in the 1970s to changing immigration?

policies?

What does Cecilia Munoz argue are some of the issues with not having a clear asylum policy?

It makes it difficult to say yes or no to people whos reasons for fleeing dont neatly fit the policy

What do we learn about the length of time to process asylum cases?

Takes between 4 and 5 years

What do we learn about the legal limbo that can result from processing asylum cases?

What have both Trump and Biden administrations done

with regard to

immigration?