ap psych 10.5

Cluster A

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal: Odd or eccentric behaviors

Cluster B

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic: Dramatic, emotional, or impulsive behaviors

Cluster C

Anankastic, Avoidant, Dependent: Anxiety in social relationships

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of tothers, interpreting their motives as maleovelnt, leading to significant interpersonal difficulties and isolation.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted ranged of emotional expression, leading to a preference for solitary activities and limited interest in forming close relationships.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors, often leading to significant social and interpersonal difficulties.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, often involving deceitful, manipulative, and unlawful behaviors, and a lack or remorse for these actions.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior, including a need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness, often leading to difficulties in maintaining deep and meaningful relationships.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others, often leading to exploitive behavior and difficulties in maintaining healthy relationships.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and emotions, along with impulsive behaviors and intense fear of abandonment, often leading to significant distress and difficulties in daily functioning.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, leading to avoidance of social interactions and a reluctance to engaged in new activities.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior, and fears of separation, resulting in difficulty making decisions without reassurance from others,

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, leading to significant distress or impairment in functioning definition.

Schizophrenia

Characterized by persistent delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or speech, disorganized motor behavior, and negative symptoms, significantly impairing daily functioning and lasting for at least six months.

Delusions

False beliefs strongly held despite clear evidence to the contrary.

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences without external stimuli, most commonly involving hearing voices that others do not hear.

Disorganized Thinking or Speech

Incoherent or nonsensical speech patterns such as jumping between unrelated topics or using words inappropriately, reflecting disordered thought processes.

Disorganized Motor Behavior

Abnormal or erratic movements such as excessive agitation, bizzare postures, significantly impacting daily functioning.

Flat Affect

Severe Reduction in emotional expressiveness, where the individual shows little or no facial expression, voice, tone, or emotional reaction

Dopamine Hypothesis

Suggests that the disorder is linked. to an imbalance of dopamine activity in the brain, with excessive dopamine activity contributing to symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.