His-1112 | CH 28-29 | Final Exam | Dr. Carlson

1963 - Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Agreement between United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain to reduce the threat of fallout and hopes for further arms reductions. June 1963, Kennedy stressed what the two superpowers had in common.

1966 - Adjustments to US Personnel Assignments in Vietnam

There were adjustments to personnel assignments in response to criticism of death rates among Black soldiers which had grown disproportionately high.

Albert Camus

French philosopher and author, known for his works on existentialism and absurdism, including "The Stranger" and "The Myth of Sisyphus."

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

A pivotal event in the civil rights movement, occurred on April 4, 1968, which sparked widespread riots and mourning across the United States.

Baker V. Carr

A landmark Supreme Court case that addressed issues of legislative apportionment and the principle of "one person, one vote." It ruled that federal courts could hear cases on redistricting.

Black Panther Party

Socialist organization founded in 1966 to combat systemic racism and police brutality, advocating for the rights of African Americans.

Black Power Movement

A social and political movement in the 1960s and 1970s that emphasized racial pride, self-determination, and the creation of black political and cultural institutions.

Cambodia

A Southeast Asian nation that experienced significant turmoil during the Khmer Rouge regime, leading to a genocide in the 1970s.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Legislation that prohibited discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin, and provided for equal housing opportunities.

Consciousness-raising sessions

Group discussions aimed at increasing awareness of social issues, particularly among women and marginalized groups, to empower participants in advocating for their rights.

Conservative Tactics in 1980

Strategies used by politicians in the 1980s to regain control of government and influence public policy.

Daniel Ellsberg

Whistleblower who leaked the Pentagon Papers, revealing government secrets about the Vietnam War and igniting public controversy.

Detente

Period of relaxed tensions and improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, particularly in the 1970s.

Focus of White Civil Protest 1980s

Anti-abortion, opposition to equal rights, anti-government spending (High Taxes), anti-nuclear, feminist protests, etc.

Free Speech Movement

Student-led civil rights movement in the 1960s that advocated for academic freedom on college campuses, notably at the University of California, Berkeley.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Passed by the U.S. Congress on August 7, 1964. It granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to take all necessary measures, including the use of armed force, to repel any armed attack against U.S. forces and to prevent further aggression in Southeast Asia.

Iran Hostage Crisis

An international confrontation that lasted 444 days, from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981. It began when a group of Iranian students and militants, angered by American support for the recently deposed Shah of Iran, stormed the United States Embassy in Tehran and took American diplomats and citizens hostage.

Jimmy Carter

Promised to lead a government that was “competent”. He served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, focusing on human rights and energy conservation.

Madman Theory

In acted by president Nixon and his administration to make hostile nations fear unpredictable actions in order to deter aggression.

Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party

Formed in 1964 to challenge the regular Democratic party, advocating for civil rights and representation of African Americans.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Organization founded in 1966 advocating for equality and addressing issues such as discrimination and reproductive rights.

Nixon’s 3-pronged Approach to Vietnam

A strategy involving diplomatic negotiations, military escalation, and Vietnamization to gradually withdraw U.S. troops while supporting South Vietnam.

Nixon’s Resignation

1974 he stepped down from office amid the Watergate scandal, becoming the first U.S. president to resign.

Operation Rolling Thunder

A sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam from 1965 to 1968 aimed at weakening its capacity to support the Viet Cong.

Panama Canal

A significant engineering project completed in 1914, allowing ships to transit between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, greatly facilitating maritime trade.

Peace with Honor

Nixon's strategy to withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam while maintaining American credibility and honor in the peace negotiations.

Plumbers

A covert special investigations unit formed in 1971 under President Nixon to stop leaks of classified information and investigate individuals associated with the Democratic Party.

Political Pendulum

The shifting of power between liberal and conservative ideologies over time in U.S. politics.

Rationale for Involvement in Vietnam War

Containment of communism, support for South Vietnam, and the belief in the Domino Theory, which suggested that the fall of one nation to communism would lead to the fall of others.

Robert S. McNamara

U.S. Secretary of Defense who played a key role in escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and later expressed regrets about the decision.

Roe v. Wade

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1973 that established a woman's legal right to have an abortion under the right to privacy.

Saturday Night Massacre October 20, 1973

President Nixon ordered the firing of special prosecutor Archibald Cox, leading to the resignation of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. This incident intensified the Watergate scandal and led to widespread public outrage.

Solider Morale During Vietnam War

Refers to the spirits and emotional well-being of U.S. troops during the Vietnam War, which fluctuated due to factors such as public opinion, media coverage, and the nature of the conflict.

Southern Strategy

Used by the Republican Party in the late 1960s to gain the support of Southern white voters by appealing to racial tensions and conservative values.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

A prominent anti-war organization that emerged in the 1960s, advocating for civil rights, social justice, and an end to U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.

Tet Offensive

Series of coordinated surprise attacks by North Vietnamese forces on January 30, 1968, targeting key cities and military installations in South Vietnam, which significantly impacted U.S. public opinion.

US Anti-War protest Movement

Social and political movement in the 1960s and early 1970s that opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, mobilizing mass protests and advocating for peace and justice.

Vietcong

A communist guerrilla group in South Vietnam that fought against the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War.

Vietnamization

A policy initiated by President Nixon in the late 1960s aimed at reducing American troop involvement in Vietnam by transferring combat responsibilities to South Vietnamese forces.

Warren E. Burger - Burger Court era

Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1969 to 1986, known for leading significant judicial changes and controversial decisions.

Watergate

Major political scandal in the 1970s that involved the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up by the Nixon administration, leading to President Nixon's resignation.

Weather Underground

Group formed in 1969 that opposed the Vietnam War and engaged in violent protests and bombings.