Hematology - Intro (reviewed 2025)

What are the 3 phases of cell development/production (hint MHM)

•Mesoblastic

• Hepatic

•Myeloid

Where does the mesoblastic production of cells occur?

Yolk sak

What is the final/physiologic site of cell production in an adult?

Bone marrow

Is yellow or red bone marrow the final site of cell production?

Red

What's another word for myeloid?

Marrow

What is the formation and development of blood cells external to the bone marrow medullary spaces?

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH)

Where does Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH) typically occur?

liver, spleen

What could be seen on exam with Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH)?

hepatosplenomegaly (HSM)

What are the 3 formed elements of blood?

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

What makes the "buffy coat"

leukocytes, platelets

What is a centrifuge?

a machine used to seperate material by spinning it

Low WBCs term

leukopenia

High WBCs term

leukocytosis

Low RBCs term

anemia

High RBCs term (2)

polycythemia (erythrocytosis)

Low platelets term

thrombocytopenia

High platelets term

thrombocytosis

Are these flashcards meant to replace studying your powerpoint?

lol, no :)

Where is the spleen?

LUQ

Removal of spleen term

splenectomy

State of having no spleen

Asplenia

After splenectomy, patients are prone to infections with which organisms?

•Pneumococcal

•Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)

•Meningococcal

PHM ("please help me")

Where is the liver?

RUQ

Fixed macrophages of liver

Kupffer cells

What does the liver produce that is related to heme

clotting factors! (and natural anticoagulants)

In advanced liver disease, would you expect more or less clotting

less clotting, more bleeding

_________ is the process by which the formed elements of blood are produced.

Hematopoiesis

Overactive bone marrow is AKA

hyperplastic

Would acute blood loss cause a hyper or hypoplastic bone marrow?

hyperplastic

What is Myelophthisic?

- physical tumor invasion of the marrow

Would aplastic anemia cause a hyper or hypoplastic bone marrow?

hypoplastic

Tumor of lymph nodes

lymphoma

Inflammation of lymph nodes

lymphadenitis

Enlargement of lymph node

lymphadenopathy (LAD)

Which lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow

all

Which lymphocytes mature in the thymus

T lymphocytes

Where is the thymus

mediastinum

What are the 5 WBCs

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

What are granulocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Which formed elements are true cells

WBCs

What is WBC production

Leukopoiesis

Granulocytes that release heparin and histamine

basophils

Granulocytes that protect against infections from parasitic worms and allergic reactions

eosinophils

Multilobular WBCs that are elevated in bacterial infections and inflammation

neutrophils

Immature neutrophils are called

bands

Monocytes in tissue are called

macrophages

Fixed macrophages of the bone

osteoclasts

Fixed macrophages of the alveoli

dust cells

Fixed macrophages of the brain

microglia

Where are 1/3 of platelets stored

spleen

What is Thrombocytopoiesis

platelet production

What is the platelet precursor

Megakaryocyte

Life span of RBC

120 days

Shape of RBC

biconcave disc

Precursor to RBC

reticulocyte

Hormone that stimulates RBC production

EPO

Source of EPO

kidney

What is Erythropoiesis

production of red blood cells

Protein in RBCs that carry O2

Hb

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of blood volume taken up by RBCs

Why do males have a higher hematocrit?

testosterone

RBC with elongated central pallor, mouth like opening

stomatocyte

RBC with •Jagged, serrated edges

burr cell

RBC that is •Smaller, sphere shaped w/o central pallor, darker than normal

spherocyte

RBC with •Fragmented shape

schistocyte

RBC that is tapered at one end and blunt at other

tear drop

RBC with redundant darker outer membrane with inner light circle

target cell

RBC with •Fine, pinpoint evenly distributed cytoplasmic granules

basophilic stippling

RBC with •Round chromatin pieces in cytoplasm from abnormal division

howell jolly body

What determines micro or macrocytosis

MCV

What determine hypo hyperchromia

MCH/MCHC

•Range of variation RBC volume

RDW

•Varied RBC size

= anisocytosis

•Varied RBC shape

= poikilocytosis

Which test is a •Microscopic examination by hematologist/pathologist looking for morphologic abnormalities

peripheral smear (PBS)