BTEC Applied Science - Unit 5 Chemistry - Basic character of metal oxides and hydroxides

Salt

Salt is formed when H⁺ in acid has been replaced by a different positive ion (usually a metal or ammonium)

Chemical formula of ammonium

NH₄⁺

Different acid salts

• Nitric Acid (HNO₃) will form nitrate salts (NO₃^-)

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) will form chloride salts (Cl^-)

• Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) will form sulfate salts (SO₄^2-)

What are Metal Oxides?

Metal oxides are bases

Metal Oxide equation

Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water

CaO + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O

What are Metal Hydroxides?

Metal hydroxides are alkalis

Metal Hydroxide equations

Metal Hydroxide + Acid → Salt + Water

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Lithium Hydroxide + Nitric Acid

LiOH + HNO₃ → LiNO₃ + H₂O

Calcium Hydroxide + Sulfuric Acid

Ca(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ → Ca_SO₄ + 2H₂O

Iron (III) Oxide + Hydrochloric Acid

Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

Sodium Oxide + Sulfuric Acid

Na₂O + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O

Magnesium Oxide + Hydrochloric Acid

MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O