Body Systems- TISSUE + NEURON

order & organization

cell —> tissue —> organ —> organ system

4 major types of tissues

1. Epithelial Tissue

2. Connective Tissue

3. Muscle Tissue

4. Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue (Func, structure, shapes, classificaion)

FUNC: cover and line other tissues and organs to protect them

STRUC: types are named by the shape and number of cells in the tissue

SHAPES: Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

# CLASSIFICATION: Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified, Transitional

EX: Skin (stratified squamous)

Simple

• # Classification of Epithelial Tissue

• Having ONE layer

Stratified

• # Classification of Epithelial Tissue

• Having MULTIPLE layers

Pseudostratified

• # Classification of Epithelial Tissue

• Having an ABNORMAL single layer where the nuclei do not line up (look zig-zaggy), so it looks like there are multiple layers (when there is not)

• mostly with the columnar shape

Transitional

• # Classification of Epithelial Tissue

• Having a top layer that is a DIFFERENT SHAPE than the bottom layers

Squamous

An Epithelial Tissue shape that is flat in shape

Cuboidal

An Epithelial Tissue shape that is shaped like a cube

Columnar

An Epithelial Tissue shape that is shaped like a column

Connective Tissue (Function, 6 Types)

FUNC: Bind and support other structures

TYPES: Loose Connective Tissue, Fibrous Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Cartilage, Bone, Blood

Loose Connective Tissue

A type of connective tissue that holds organs in place

Fibrous Connenctive Tissue

A type of connective tissue that 1. connect muscle to bone (Tendon) or 2. connects bone to bone (Ligament)

Adipose Tissue

A type of connective tissue that stores fat and insulates the body

Cartilage

A type of connective tissue that absorbs shock to protect bones

Bone

A type of connective tissue that provides structure and movement

Blood

A type of connective tissue that carries substances throughout the body

Muscle Tissue (Funciton, 3 Types)

FUNC: Contract and generate force that can produce movement and other functions

TYPES: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Skeletal

Type of muscle tissue that does voluntary movements

EX: things you think about doing (walking, writing, raising your hand, running)

Smooth

Type of muscle tissue that does involuntary movements and is found in organs

EX: things you DO NOT think about doing (breathing, blinking, digesting)

Cardiac

Type of muscle tissue that does heart functions, involuntary

Nervous Tissue (Function, Structure, 3 Types)

FUNC: Senses stimuli (5 senses) and transmits information (EX: feeling it’s cold outside (sensing) —> getting a jacket (transmitting ))

STRUC: made of neurons

TYPES: Motor Neurons, Sensory Neurons, Interneurons

parts of a Neuron (7 terms)

• Dendrites, Soma, Nucleus, Axon, Myelin Sheath (w/ Schwann Cell), Nerve ending

• Make up the Nervous Tissue

Dendrites

INTAKE neurotransmitters using endocytosis

Soma

houses the neuron’s organells, neuron’s body

Nucelus

houses the neuron’s DNA

Axon

transmit the neurotransmitters from the dendrites to the nerve ending

Myelin Sheath

lines the Axon and functions as insulation

schwann cells

make up the myelin sheath

Nerve Ending

sends out neurotransmitters using exocytosis

Motor Neurons

Type of nervous tissue that creates movement

EX: does voluntary and involuntary movements

Sensory Neurons

Type of nervous tissue that intakes sensory stimuli

EX: detects the 5 senses

Interneurons

Type of nervous tissue that connects the motor or sensory neurons to the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)

EX: interneurons in the spinal cord coordinate the knee-jerk reflex and allow the leg to kick