Unit 4 Part 2 (ch16) Study Guide: The Civil Rights Movement

A campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.

Freedom summer

His tenure saw the Court overturn the "separate but equal" doctrine in Brown v. Board of Education

Earl Warren

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional

Brown v. Board of Education

American Baptist minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement

Martin Luther King

De jure segregation vs. de facto segregation

De jure segregation is legally enforced separation, while de facto segregation occurs in practice, even without legal mandates.

Prohibited states from imposing qualifications or practices to deny the right to vote on account of race

Voting rights act of 1965

Established by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967 to investigate the race riots

Kerner Commission

An African American revolutionary, Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement

Malcolm X

It aimed to achieve self-determination for Black people by emphasizing racial pride and the creation of Black political and cultural institutions.

Black power

A civil rights protest where African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to ride city buses to protest segregated seating.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A series of bus trips organized by civil rights activists in the 1961 to challenge the segregation of interstate transportation facilities in the Jim Crow South.

Freedom rides

The first African-American student admitted to the racially segregated University of Mississippi

James Meredith

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Civil Rights Act 1964

President Eisenhower sent federal troops to ———- to enforce desegregation at Central High School.

Little Rock, Arkansas

Why was Birmingham, AL targeted by civil rights leaders for protests?

Its reputation as one of the most segregated cities in the United States, with a history of brutal, racially motivated violence.

What was America’s reaction to the crackdown on protestors in Birmingham in 1963?

The American public reacted with outrage and concern

A Black Power political organization founded in Oakland, California, in 1966.

Black Panthers

What was President Johnson take on civil rights, considering he was a Southerner?

He became a strong advocate for civil rights

Why did freedom riders choose to take a bus trip into the South? What did they want to accomplish?

Freedom Riders chose to travel on buses through the South to challenge segregation laws and customs in interstate transportation, they aimed to test and enforce Supreme Court rulings that prohibited segregation in interstate travel.

Why were WWII veterans so involved in the Civil Rights Movement?

Witnessing firsthand the racism and inequality they faced in the military and in American society while fighting for democracy abroad.