Nutrition and Metabolism Review

These flashcards encompass key concepts related to nutrition and metabolism, including statements about bodily functions, food components, and myths associated with diet.

Fat can be made from excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

True

The body metabolically recognizes the difference between fasting and starving.

False

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs.

True

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 10% of the total glucose used each day.

False

The body's adaptations to fasting are sufficient to maintain life for only a short period.

True

Basal metabolic needs are large compared to energy needs for activities.

False

Voluntary activities normally require less energy in a day than basal metabolism does.

True

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their metabolic rate.

True

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have more visceral fat.

True

Skinfold measurements provide an inaccurate estimate of total body fat.

True

Genetics influences the way the body consumes, stores, and expends energy.

True

Genetics alone determines a person's susceptibility to obesity.

False

Obese people have much more lipoprotein lipase activity in their fat cells than lean people.

True

Obese people who are maintaining weight have lower blood levels of ghrelin than thinner people on weight-loss diets.

False

Most obese people have a leptin deficiency.

False

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that acts much like leptin.

True

On a sensible weight-control program, meals and snacks should include whole-grain foods and fiber-rich vegetables.

True

Steam and sauna baths that melt fat off the body are appropriate obesity interventions.

False

The greatest appeal of fad diets is that they tend to ignore current diet recommendations.

True

Weight-loss advice applies equally to all overweight people.

False

Bioavailability refers to the rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used.

True

Vitamin A deficiency results in rickets disease in children.

False

Beriberi is also called the thiamin-deficiency disease.

True

The rate and extent to which a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body is called bioavailability.

True

Bluish lips and fingertips are signs of mild dehydration (loss of 5% body weight).

True

There is a correlation between high salt intake in people and high rates of hypertension.

True

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body.

True

Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.

True

It is necessary to supplement your diet with inositol and carnitine.

False

Chronic undernutrition can lead to body adaptation mechanisms.

True

The body cannot store excess carbohydrates as fat.

False

Fasting will cause the body to use up glycogen stores first.

True

Exercise increases energy expenditure beyond basal metabolic needs.

True

The body usually prefers fat as its primary energy source under resting conditions.

False

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to nutrient deficiencies.

True

Dietary fiber is primarily absorbed in the stomach.

False

The human body primarily relies on ATP for energy during high-intensity exercise.

True

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) ensures nutrient adequacy for almost all healthy individuals.

True

Metabolism can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, and activity level.

True

Malnutrition only refers to undernutrition.

False

Hydration status can significantly impact physical performance.

True

The glycemic index measures how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels.

True

Increased dietary fat intake always leads to increased body fat.

False

Adequate protein intake supports muscle repair and growth.

True

Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large quantities in the liver.

False

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fats that humans must obtain through diet.

True

Processed foods often contain added sugars, which contribute to a calorie surplus.

True

The absorption of fat-soluble vitamins requires the presence of dietary fat.

True

Dietary supplements can replace a healthy diet.

False

Cholesterol is essential for hormone production in the body.

True

Fiber helps regulate bowel movements and may affect cholesterol levels.

True