test

Trier Social Stress Test

Participants give a speech under pressure.

HPA Axis

Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands regulate stress.

Cortisol

Glucocorticoid that regulates energy availability.

Adrenaline

Quickly released hormone during stress response.

Acute Stressors

Temporary challenges like competitions or presentations.

Chronic Stressors

Ongoing stress like poor sleep or bad bosses.

Chronic Stress Effects

Increased cell death and impaired memory.

Biofeedback

Awareness of physiological responses to regulate them.

Neurobiofeedback

Regulating neurological responses through mindfulness.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Optimal stress level for peak performance.

Broca's Area

Controls speech muscles, affects fluency.

Wernicke's Area

Interprets auditory code, affects understanding.

Motor Cortex

Responsible for pronouncing words.

Angular Gyrus

Transforms visual into auditory representations.

Visual Cortex

Processes written words as visual stimuli.

Split Brain Processing

Left hemisphere vocalizes right visual field stimuli.

Anomic Aphasia

Fluent speech, poor word retrieval.

Wernicke's Aphasia

Fluent but nonsensical speech, poor comprehension.

Broca's Aphasia

Non-fluent speech, good comprehension, poor repetition.

Global Aphasia

Impaired understanding and speaking abilities.

Primary Progressive Aphasia

Gradual degeneration of language abilities.

Articulate Fasciculus

Connects Broca's and Wernicke's Areas.

Dyslexia

Irregularity in angular gyrus affects reading.

Consciousness

Awareness and attention to stimuli.

Default Mode Network

Brain activity during rest and introspection.

Salience Network

Detects and responds to important stimuli.

Control Network

Maintains sustained attention.

Top-Down Attention

Goal-directed focus requiring effort.

Bottom-Up Attention

Automatic capture of attention by stimuli.

Overt Attention

Orienting sensory organs to focus.

Covert Attention

Focusing without orienting sensory organs.

Hemispatial Neglect

Reduced awareness of one side of space.

Neural Correlates of Consciousness

Minimum neural change for awareness.

Visual Masking

Subliminal messages presented briefly.

Binocular Rivalry

Awareness shifts between competing images.

Neurulation

Initial development of the nervous system.

Precocious Young

Mature and mobile at birth.

Altricial Young

Underdeveloped at birth, need care.

Human Baby Reflexes

Rooting, sucking, grasping, and startle reflex.

Adolescence Changes

Gray matter reduction and increased reward activity.

Romanian Orphans

Study of developmental impacts of neglect.