Comprehensive Pharmacology and Patient Care: Mental Health, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Respiratory, and More

What is Fluoxetine used to treat?

Multiple psychological conditions

For which patient is Albumin contraindicated?

Patient with traumatic brain injury

How does Albumin primarily work?

Pulling fluid into the intravascular space

What approach should be anticipated for a post-operative patient reporting severe pain?

Use of multiple pain medications

What components are included in a comprehensive pain assessment?

Location, intensity, quality, and associated symptoms

What is the correct statement about IV medication administration?

It provides 100% bioavailability

What is the expected therapeutic effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

Reduction of lung inflammation

What indicates that Albuterol is working?

Relaxation of airway smooth muscle

Which statements are correct regarding beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists?

LABAs are used for asthma and COPD maintenance; SABAs are first-line for acute asthma symptoms; Combination LABA + ICS reduces exacerbations

What are the indications for enoxaparin?

Used for DVT prophylaxis, used to treat acute DVT, contraindicated in active major bleeding, prevents pulmonary embolism

What should be included in insulin education?

Roll insulin gently before use, check blood glucose before administration, rotate injection sites

What should a patient with hyperthyroidism avoid?

Iodine-rich foods

What findings should be monitored in a patient taking propylthiouracil?

Signs of liver injury, agranulocytosis, hypothyroidism

What statements about heparin therapy are correct?

Antidote is protamine sulfate; Monitor aPTT levels; aPTT checked every 4-6 hours; Dose adjusted based on aPTT

What is the effect of NSAIDs on bleeding risk?

NSAIDs increase bleeding risk

What is the black box warning for warfarin?

Has a black box warning for bleeding

What is the main complication of anticoagulation therapy?

Bleeding

What should a client taking Diphenhydramine do to manage side effects?

Suck on sugar-free candy or chew gum

What is the primary purpose of using a spacer with a metered-dose inhaler?

Reduce medication loss and improve lung delivery

What is the priority action before administering Insulin lispro?

Check blood glucose and ensure patient will eat

What value indicates normal fasting blood glucose?

85 mg/dL

What are the correct statements about insulin therapy?

Insulin can cause hypoglycemia; Too much insulin lowers blood glucose dangerously; Insulin can be life-saving

What findings are expected for a client taking Theophylline?

Numerous drug interactions; Used to treat wheezing and SOB; Can cause palpitations; Classified as a bronchodilator

What is the most important instruction for Fluticasone?

Rinse mouth after use

What should a client using inhaled corticosteroids do to prevent oral thrush?

Rinse your mouth after each use

What should a nurse do after administering Digoxin?

Check apical pulse for 1 full minute.

What action should a nurse take if a patient's potassium level is 2.9 mEq/L?

Hold digoxin and notify the provider.

What condition is an appropriate indication for administering Alteplase?

Acute ischemic stroke.

Which medication should be administered first for anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine.

What findings should a nurse expect with anticholinergic properties?

Dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision.

What is the priority treatment for new-onset atrial fibrillation?

Start oral anticoagulation.

What findings indicate possible digoxin toxicity?

Nausea, yellow vision, bradycardia, confusion.

What is a correct statement about Digoxin?

It helps control heart rate in atrial fibrillation.

What adverse effect should be monitored in a patient taking Lisinopril?

Hyperkalemia.

What indicates understanding of Hydralazine teaching?

I will report severe dizziness.

What outcomes are associated with orthostatic hypotension?

Syncope, falls, cognitive impairment, increased mortality.

What indicates a normal fasting blood glucose level?

70-100 mg/dL.

What action is appropriate for severe hypoglycemia with no IV access?

Administer Glucagon.

What adverse effects should be monitored in a patient taking corticosteroids?

Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, immunosuppression, edema, adrenal suppression.

Which statement is correct about mixing insulin?

Regular insulin and NPH insulin can be mixed in the same syringe.

What statement requires further teaching for a patient on long-term prednisone?

I will stop taking it once I feel better.

What finding requires immediate intervention for a patient on Gentamicin?

Tinnitus and dizziness.

What findings indicate toxicity in a patient on Gentamicin?

Increased creatinine, hearing loss, decreased urine output.

What is the most important step for using an Albuterol inhaler?

Exhale fully before inhalation.

What indicates correct understanding of timing between inhalers?

I wait 1-2 minutes between puffs of the same medication.

What finding is expected in a patient with Hypothyroidism?

Bradycardia.

What symptoms are associated with Hypothyroidism?

Constipation, dry skin, weight gain, hair loss.

What is the mechanism of Albuterol?

It dilates bronchioles.

What do Leukotriene receptor antagonists do?

They prevent inflammation.

What is the nurse's best response regarding antihistamines?

They block histamine receptors, not release.

What does ipratropium do?

It blocks acetylcholine to help breathe easier.

What is the priority intervention for a patient starting warfarin therapy?

Administer both medications until INR is therapeutic.

What finding requires immediate action in a patient taking clopidogrel?

Black, tarry stools.

What is the action of clopidogrel?

It prevents platelet aggregation.

What should a nurse do for a patient with acute asthma exacerbation prescribed albuterol?

Administer immediately.

What herbal supplements should be warned against for patients on warfarin?

Garlic and ginkgo.

What is the expected therapeutic effect of thrombolytics?

Dissolve existing clots.

What assessment finding is expected in a patient receiving heparin?

Increased bleeding risk.

What should a patient with hypertension know about OTC cold meds?

Decongestants can increase your blood pressure.

What is the correct instruction for using a bronchodilator and inhaled corticosteroid?

Use the bronchodilator first.

Why should postoperative patients avoid excessive coughing?

Coughing can cause wound dehiscence.

What should patients know about first-generation antihistamines?

They may cause drowsiness because they affect the CNS.

What adverse effects should be monitored in patients taking first-generation antihistamines?

Drowsiness and fatigue.

What is epistaxis?

Epistaxis is one of the most common ENT emergencies.

What is the primary action of Clopidogrel?

Prevents platelets from sticking together.

What finding requires immediate follow-up in a patient taking Clopidogrel?

Epistaxis.

What is the priority concern for a patient taking Warfarin?

Bleeding.

What is true about Rivaroxaban?

Does not require routine therapeutic monitoring.

What indicates understanding of anticoagulant therapy with Rivaroxaban?

This medication helps prevent clots from forming.

What should be taken with iron for better absorption?

Orange juice.

What adverse effect should be monitored for in a client receiving Albuterol?

Tachycardia.

What is respiratory depression?

A condition where breathing becomes inadequate.

What dietary advice should a client on Warfarin follow?

Eat a consistent amount of leafy greens.

What conditions contraindicate the use of Enoxaparin?

Active major bleeding, history of HIT, hypersensitivity to enoxaparin.

What condition is treated with Adderall?

ADHD.

What statement about sodium intake is incorrect for a client on Lithium?

I will suddenly reduce my sodium intake.

What is Lithium first-line therapy for?

Bipolar disorder.

What symptom does Haloperidol target?

Hallucinations.

What is the action of Levetiracetam?

Prevents abnormal neuronal firing.

What are the indications for Levetiracetam?

Used for multiple seizure types, brand name includes Keppra, helps prevent seizures.

What is the correct order for administering inhaled medications?

Administer bronchodilator first, then corticosteroid.

What is the correct statement regarding coughing for a post-operative patient?

Coughing can be beneficial but may be harmful in some cases.

What effects should be included in teaching about first-generation antihistamines?

Drowsiness, sedation, fatigue.

What is the priority instruction for a client taking first-generation antihistamines?

Avoid driving or operating machinery.

What is true about epistaxis?

It is one of the most common ENT emergencies.

What findings are expected for a client on Clopidogrel?

Increased risk of bleeding, prevents platelet aggregation, used to prevent clots in CAD, epistaxis may occur.

What finding requires immediate attention for a client on Warfarin?

Blood in urine.

What are the correct statements about Rivaroxaban?

Taken orally, used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, bleeding is a common side effect.

What requires the highest priority monitoring after administering Flumazenil?

Seizures.

What statements indicate understanding of medication absorption?

Avoid taking medication with milk, antacids can interfere with drug absorption, iron supplements may reduce medication effectiveness.

What should a patient taking Phenytoin know about stopping the medication?

You should taper the medication slowly.

What indicates that Carbidopa/Levodopa is effective?

Improved muscle rigidity.

What should be included in teaching for a patient starting Fluoxetine?

It may take several weeks to feel full effects, it treats multiple psychological conditions, monitor for mood changes or suicidal thoughts.

What condition is Benztropine most commonly used to treat?

Parkinsonian symptoms.

What findings suggest Tardive Dyskinesia?

Lip smacking, tongue protrusion, involuntary facial movements.

What is the priority teaching for a patient taking St. John's Wort?

It can cause serious drug interactions.

What statements indicate correct understanding of diuretic therapy?

I will take this medication in the morning, I should rise slowly from sitting, I will monitor my daily weight.