imperalism

Ottomanism

Forming a national identity for the multitude of ethnic groups within the Ottoman Empire.

Tanzimat Reforms

Reforms that granted more civil liberties and equalities to non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire.

Sultan Selim III

Sultan from 1762-1808 who recognized the need for innovation and reform in the Ottoman Empire.

Imperialism

Use of power (political, military, or economic) to exert control over another country or territory.

Egypt as a Khedivate

Established by Ali in 1863 as an independent state of the Ottoman Empire.

Economic imperialism

Businesses bribing individuals or groups in exchange for economic privileges.

Sepoy Mutiny 1857

Rebellion by Sepoy soldiers against the British East India Company over rumors about bullet coatings.

British Raj

Period in India when the British government ruled directly until 1947.

Indian National Congress

Political party formed in 1885 by Indians demanding self-rule.

First Opium War (1839-1842)

Conflict between Great Britain and China that resulted in British victory and unequal treaties.

Spheres of Influence

Exclusive economic zones in China divided among Western powers and Japan in the 1890s.

Boxer Rebellion

A failed uprising by martial artists against Western imperialism in China.

Commodore Matthew Perry

U.S. Navy officer who opened Japan to world markets in 1853.

Meiji Restoration

Event in 1868 when Emperor Meiji was restored to power in Japan, leading to significant modernization.

First Sino-Japanese War

Conflict where Japan defeated the Qing Dynasty and acquired Taiwan and Korea.

Russo-Japanese War

War between Russia and Japan over territorial claims in Manchuria and Korea.

Reasons for American Imperialism

Economic competition, political and military competition, and belief in racial and cultural superiority.

Platt Amendment

Legal framework allowing U.S. military presence and intervention in Cuba.

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine justifying U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy advocating for no country to have special trading rights in China.

Secret Hawaiian League

Group of American businessmen seeking to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy.

Social Darwinism

The belief that some races are superior to others, used to justify imperialism.