Making a Nation

What is Imperialism?

A government policy used to take control over another country, mainly by military force

What is it called when a colony is used as a place where prisoners are transported?

A penal colony

What are the reasons that countries created empires?

• To gain better military power

• For more resources

• Better trade networks

• To get power/wealth

What were the THREE ways that people colonised other countries?

• By having a war

• Genocide

• Declaring Terra Nullius

What is a colony?

A group of people from one country who build a settlement in another territory, or piece of land

Name 3 countries that created empires

• France

• Great Britain

• Russia

How did the colonisers see themselves and their duty?

They viewed it as the White Man’s Burden

What are some of the impacts of imperialism and colonisation?

• Positive: Expanded their wealth, opening more trade networks, expansion of military powers

• Negative: Population decline, loss of culture, exploitation of resources

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: voluntary or involuntary?

Involuntary

What was the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade?

The trading of 11 million Africans to America for slavery work

Why did it happen?

They were mainly transported to work in the sugar, tobacco and cotton industry

Convicts: voluntary or involuntary?

Involuntary

Who were convicts?

England prisoners that were being sent to Australia to serve jail time

Why did it happen?

There was a lack of space to store all the prisoners in England

Irish Migrants: voluntary or involuntary?

Voluntary

Who were Irish Migrants?

Irish people leaving Ireland due to a famine

Why did it happen?

There was a potato famine that left many poor families to starve, causing them to find other solutions; moving to another country

Chinese Migrants: voluntary or involuntary?

Voluntary

Who were Chinese Migrants?

Chinese migrants moving to Australia

Why did it happen?

Many were there to seek job opportunities and for the Gold Rush

Order all the colonies that was established in date order (e.g: 1 = first colony created, 2 = second colony created…)

1. NSW

2. Van Diemens Land (Tas)

3. Swan River Colony (WA)

4. South Australia

5. Victoria

6. Queensland

Name 4 animals that were introduced by Europeans

• Rabbits

• Camels

• Cats

• Cane toads

Why did Europeans want to change the environment?

It made farming easier and they believed that Australia doesn’t feel like their homeland

Name TWO impacts of deforestation

• Species population decrease

• Erosion

When did the Myall Creek Massacre occur?

10 June 1838

How many Indigenous people were murdered during the Myall Creek Massacre?

Atleast 28 First Nations people were murdered

How do we know that the violence against First Nations people was acceptable in the 1830s?

Evidence of this acceptance was when white settlers were freed and found not guilty for the murdering of First Nations people

What is the main difference between the Myall Creek massacre and other massacres of the 1830s?

The Myall creek massacre was the first and only time the colonial administration intervened to ensure the laws of the colony were applied equally to the First Nations people

Why did the Chinese come to Australia?

To make and send money to their families back home

How were they treated once they got here?

There was a lot of discrimination and hate towards the Chinese (they were being called words such as Chinese Pest and Asian Invasion)

What did they do after the Gold Rush ended?

Most of them end up residing in the cities while others take the long journey back home

What is the “Asian Invasion” and “Chinese Pest”?

Discriminative words the media used to describe the Chinese

How did the Chinese impact Federation?

It pushed people to federate due to the concerns about the safety of states’ borders

What is the meaning of Terra Nullius?

A term used to describe a piece of land that has no current ownership for recognised ruler

Which person claimed Australia as Terra Nullius and when?

Captain James Cook. 29 April 1770

Approx. how long did it take for the First Fleet to sail to Australia?

269 days

What started killing the First Nations so early?

Introduced diseases (e.g. smallpox)

In what year was federation?

1901

What is the Industrial Revolution?

The period in which machines were introduced for laborious work

When was the Industrial Revolution

Between the late 1700s and the early 1900s (mid 18th century)

Where did it start?

Manchester, Britain

What changes occurred?

• Introduction of machines for laborious work

• Replacement of animal labour with human work

• The widespread of mineral resources being used

• Introduction of factories and mines

• Access to fast transport

• The emergence of the middle class

Describe the Middle Class life

• Streets made with stone and wood blocks

• An ice chest was used as there weren’t any refrigeration

• The main meat eaten was rabbit

• Most people do not have bathrooms in their house

• Food was very British inspired

• Students would go home from school for lunch

• Regular meals would be steak and kidney pie, or rabbit stew with bread and dripping

• Most students finish primary school and then go off to work

• Girls were only taught to be housewives while boys were taught physical activities

What was the living and working conditions like for Upper Class?

• Very rich people

• They lived in nice homes away from the dirty factories

• They owned land and big businesses (e.g. trains, factories)

• They inherited their wealth

What was the living and working conditions like for Middle Class?

• Well off people

• They lived in homes often near their business or in town

• They owned a small business or professionals (e.g. lawyers, teachers, doctors)

What was the living and working conditions like for Lower Class?

• Poor people

• They lived in run down houses or slums near the factories

• They worked with their hands, often in factories, or manual labour