5.2 Natural Selection

studied byStudied by 11 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

What is needed for natural selection to occur?

1 / 34

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

3IBA 2022-23 class made Quizlet

35 Terms

1

What is needed for natural selection to occur?

Variation among members of the same species

New cards
2

What causes variation between individuals in a species?

Mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction

New cards
3

What are characteristics that make an indvidual suited to its environment and way of life?

Adaptations

New cards
4

How much offspring to species tend to produce?

More than the environment can support

New cards
5

Who tends to survive and produce more offspring?

Individuals that are better adapted

New cards
6

Who tends to die and/or produce fewer offspring?

Less well adapted individuals

New cards
7

What do individuals that reproduce pass on to their offspring?

Characteristics

New cards
8

What does natural selection increase the frequency of?

Characteristics that make individuals better adapted

New cards
9

What does natural selection decrease the frequency of?

Characteristics that don't make individuals better adapted

New cards
10

What does the increase/decrease of frequencies of certain characteristics lead to?

Changes within the species

New cards
11

What is genetic drift?

Change in allele frequency in a gene pool

New cards
12

How does meiosis cause variation?

Production of gametes with unique combinations of alleles increases genetic variation of individuals within the species

New cards
13

When does selection take place?

When there is something to choose from

New cards
14

What does natural selection favor?

Characteristics that support the survival fo the species

New cards
15

What are some environmental factors that affect survival chances?

Predation, competition for food and disease

New cards
16

What processes cause variation during meiosis?

Crossing over and random assortment

New cards
17

What is variation?

Differences between species

New cards
18

What trait was different between Darwin's finches?

Their beak

New cards
19

What is natural selection?

The process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive, reproduce, and pass on their advantageous alleles, causing advantageous characteristics to increase in frequency within a population

New cards
20

Examples of natural selection and variation

Darwin's finches, peppered moth, antibiotic resistance

New cards
21

What is the speciation?

It is the process of individuals in a population separating from the rest of the population and developing unique characteristics

New cards
22

What is the only way that variation can arise in a species asexually?

Mutation

New cards
23

What can be a problem with succession linked to species already living in that habitat?

The successive species could outcompete the native species, becoming an invasive species

New cards
24

How did the polar bear evolve to get white fur?

Over time, the bears with brown or darker fur had a harder time getting food and died

New cards
25

What are adaptations?

Adaptations are features that make an individual better suited to its environment and way of life.

New cards
26

Why is it important for a population to restrict its use of antibiotics?

Bacteria mutate

New cards
27

What is pentadactyl?

The genetic variation of having 5 fingers on one hand, e.g. like humans, whales, dogs and generally a lot of modern living animals.

New cards
28

Which of the following will promote variation in a species?

Meiosis

Fertilization

New cards
29

Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?

Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics survive after antibiotics are used.

New cards
30

Random orientation

Metaphase I gives rise to huge genetic variation

New cards
31

Low fitness

Unfavorable alleles decrease over time due to death before reproduction

New cards
32

High fitness

Favorable alleles increase in populations as individuals have more offspring

New cards
33

Plasmids

A small ring of DNA

Contains a copy of some genes

Plasmid can be transferred to other bacteria

Antibiotic resistance can spread faster because of this

New cards
34

What is the mechanism of natural selection?

Variations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment.

New cards
35

Which process has NOT the greatest effect in determining which members of a population are most likely to survive until reproductive age?

Evolution

Meiosis

Hybridization

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 1193 people
... ago
4.9(15)
note Note
studied byStudied by 111 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 57 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 251 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5775 people
... ago
4.8(27)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (32)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 46 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (68)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (52)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (41)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (103)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot