Humanities History Midterm

Causes of WWI

Nationalism

Imperialism

Military Alliances

What sparked WWI

Arch-Duke Ferdinand

Serbian Nationalists

Who were the allied powers in WWI (The Triple Entente)

Great Britain (and the British Empire), France, and the Russian Empire

Who were the central powers in WWI (The Triple Alliance)

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

What new weapons were used in WWI

Machine Guns

Tanks

Gas

U-Boats

What type of warfare was used in WWI

Trench Warfare

Why did Russia pull out of WWI?

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany

Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Treaty between Russia and Germany that marked Russia's withdrawal from WWI, and ownership of several territories

Why did the US join the war

Economic Ties to the Allies

Lusitania

Raising Money

War Bonds

What was Lusitania

Ship carrying weapons across the Atlantic, attacked by Germany but Americans outraged as they falsely believed it did not carry weapons and instead carried innocent passengers (led to Sussex pledge, Germany promises not to attack ships with passengers)

Who was the president at the end of WWI?

Woodrow Wilson

WWI ended in ____ with the Treaty ___ ________

1919

Treaty of Versailles

What were Woodrow Wilsons 14-points?

His ideas at peace were called the Fourteen Points and were intended to make a peace treaty that ensured there would be no World War again

France and England wanted to ____________ Germany.

punish

What was the US like in the 1920s?

The US was isolating, and many citizens became interested in the stock market

The depression in America caused

Stock Market Crash

Unemployment

Government intervention (New Deal)

Lots of Poor People

Hoovervilles

What was the "New Deal" (response to depression)

·Roosevelt's response to the economic crisis, a massive program by the government meant to put the economy back on its feet. Many people put back to work through government programs to build things and create things (artists and writers)

What eventually brought America out of the depression?

WWII

What was a "Hooverville" (depression)

Makeshift towns during the great depression comprised of homeless and unemployed. (Named after Herbert Hoover who was widely blamed for the depression)

Who were the fascist leaders in WWII

Hitler (wrote Mein Kampf)

Franco

Tojo

Stalin

Japan invaded ________ and ____________

China

surrounding islands

Italy invades ____________

Ethiopia

WWII began because

Germany invaded Poland, England and France declare war on Germany and Italy

What was Blitzkrieg?

German bombing campaign

What is D-Day?

Allies land at Normandy

What was Japanese Internment and why did it occur?

Japanese Americans were sent to internment camps and labor camps as all Japanese Americans were suspected to be traitorous or spies after Pearl Harbor

African Americans were in _______________ war units

segregated

Who largely entered the workforce during WWII and why?

Women

Men were away at war and there was high demand for factory workers to make supplies such as planes and weapons

Turning point Battles that gave Allies the advantage

El Alamein

Stalingrad

Yalta

especially important conference. It took place just before the end of the war made the Soviets full allies

Russia would be given influence over Eastern Europe.

Potsdam

Decided what to do more specifically, held after Germany surrendered but before Japan had, decide Germany will be divided among allies with a piece going to France, US, England, and Soviet Union. Each nation responsible for rebuilding their segment

Who was put into camps during the Holocaust?

Jews

Mentally Ill

Homosexuals

Roma (disparagingly referred to as Gypsies)

12 Million People

Where were the two atomic bombs dropped?

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

What is the United Nations and why was it formed?

It is an alliance of nations founded to replace the defunct league of nations and promote global peace and agreement

Marshall Plan

Massive package of economic aid to Europe, especially Germany, so that they wont become poor so poor that communism seemed like a good thing (Halt spread of communism)

Berlin Airlift

US airdrops supplies to West Berlin after it is sectioned off by Berlin wall

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A collection of nations in Western Europe and the US, if one nation is attacked the others come to its defense

Warsaw Treaty Organization

Essentially a counter to NATO, formed by USSR and satellite nations, does the same thing

GI Bill of Rights

covered Tuition for College, Mortgages and other domestic/educational expensive for white male soldiers returning from war

National Defense Education Act

response to Sputnik, US trying to defend themselves against the allegations that they were really behind in science and technology

Sputnik

USSR satellite that sent US into panic about Russian superiority, caused foundation of NASA and National defense education Act

Red Scare

Joseph McCarthy - founder of McCarthyism, anti-communist

Hollywood Ten - famous group of directors who were blacklisted by HUAC (The House Un-American Activities Committee) for refusing to give testimony to the committee

- People forced to take Loyalty Oaths

Truman Doctrine

United States policy to help any nation that was fighting an internal struggle against communist forces. First nations who were helped by this were Turkey and Greece.

What were the 1950s like in America?

There was large social conformity, rise of suburbia, teenage rebellion, introduction of highway systems and rock music (which was stolen and adapted from African American culture)

How was Israel before WWI?

Controlled by Muslims and Ottoman Empire, Christians, Jews, and Muslims live in peace

What is the significance of the Suez Canal?

Connected Red and Mediterranean Sea, allowed ships to go from Europe to India to China without having to go around Africa.

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence

Britain promises Arab lands independence if they aid in defeating the Ottoman Empire.

Balfour Declaration

British government claims it supports a Jewish homeland; however the British has already promised Arab lands independence, and they are not willing to give the Jewish a homeland within their territory.

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Between France and England, divides middle east into sections each controlled by France and England. England tells Arabs that the agreement is not official and they will still be independent. This is a lie, according to the agreement Palestine would be under international control. Rejection of Hussein-McMahon Correspondence.

King-Crane Commission

US sends group to Palestine to assess possibility of creating Jewish State, discovers it won't work without trampling rights of Arabs in Palestine, nation would have to be built with armies kicking out Palestinians

Zionism

movement to create Jewish state which worked through legal methods and terrorism to get Palestinians off Jewish homelands (Plight of Palestinians recognized and British backs off support of Jewish state)

As _______ came to power and prosecuted Jews, the world began to feel ___________ for Jews

sympathy (Jewish state looks like a good idea)

The ______________ lost interest in Palestine and turned it over to the ___. It was then supposed to be split ___/___ between Jews and Arabs. However, the ______ did not accept this situation and started the first of __ wars.

British

UN

50/50

Arabs

3

1948 War

Started by Egypt and Jordan, neighbors of the new Jewish state Israel. Israel wins and takes a large amount of land originally given to Palestinians

The Six Day War

Started by Israel because Arab nation was going to attack them, attack Egypt and Jordan and take over Jerusalem

Yom Kippur War

Egypt and Syria attack Israel and Israel wins, maintaining their territory

Why does the US often support Israel?

A large block of voters are Jewish and politicians fear not supporting Israel enough

In the 19__s and __s China was in the process of ___________________________

20s/30s

gaining independence from Europe and the US

KMT

Kuomintang

formed main part of government

led by Chiang Kai Shek

Nationalists

Not-Communist

US friendly

Harsh to People

CCP

Chinese communist party

led by Mao Ze-Tong

walks through China gaining supporters

Communist

America did not like them

The ___ won the civil war in China and took over in ______. Because of this the ___ moved to ____________.

CCP

1949

KMT

Taiwan

After WWII Korea split at the ____________

38th parallel

__ rebuilt South Korea and the ____ rebuilt North Korea

US

USSR

In ______ North Korea invades ________ __________. The US helps the North almost _____ the South, but _____ comes to the Souths aid and they end up back at the ____ __________

1950

South Korea

take

China

38th Parallel

General McArthur

Wants to bomb China

Truman says no

Letter to Congress

McArthur fired