B.1 Thermal Energy Transfer
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28 Terms
Element
Substance composed of only one atom
Compound
Two or more substances bonded together chemically
States of matter
Different physical forms that matter can be in
Solid
A state where the matter has a fixed shape and fixed volume
Liquid
A state where the matter has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
Gas
A state where matter has no fixed shape and no fixed volume
Density
The degree of compactness of a substance
Internal Energy
The total amount of kinetic and potential energy of all the particles within a system
Pressure
The amount of force applied to an object’s surface
Buoyant force
The upward force applied by a fluid (gas or liquid) on an object submerged in it
Internal Kinetic Energy
Sum of all the kinetic energies of all particles within a substance
Internal Potential Energy
The sum of the stored energy in the chemical bonds between atoms and the forces between molecules within a substance
Ideal Gas
A hypothetical gas composed of molecules that have no intermolecular forces (repulsion or attraction) and no volume
Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of all particles within a substance, which then corresponds to how hot something is
Kelvin Scale
A temperature measurement unit where absolute zero is 0k. 0 degrees Celsius=273.15k
Molecular speed
How fast the particles within a substance are moving, corresponding to the temperature
Thermal Energy
The total energy of motion within a substance, caused by the random movement and vibration of its molecules and atoms
Conduction
The transfer of energy from one object to another through direct contact (touch)
Black body
An idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that hits it and reflects none, which is why it appears black
Black body Radiation
The relationship between an object's temperature, and the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation it emits.
Stefan Boltzmann’s law
Wien’s displacement law
Convection
The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids
Radiation
Inverse Square Law
Insulator
Conducter
Convection cycle