APHUG Module 7 - 9

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface with permanent human settlement.

Metacity

A city with more than 20 million residents.

Megacity

A city with more than 10 million residents.

Snowbelt

States located in the Northern and Midwestern parts of the USA.

Sunbelt

States in coastal areas and the South and Southwest.

Mean center of population

The balancing point given the distribution of the population.

Arithmetic density

The average number of people per unit of total land area.

Physiological density

Number of people per unit of arable land.

Agricultural density

Number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Population composition

The makeup of the population by age, sex, ethnic, racial, income, and educational background.

Dependency ratio

The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working-age people must support.

Androcentrism

A phenomenon where a culture shows a marked preference for males.

Infanticide

The practice of killing infants.

Demographic equation

The method for calculating a population based on natural increase and migration over a period.

Crude birth rate

Average number of births per 1000 people per year.

Total fertility rate

The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime.

Replacement level fertility

Average number of children needed to replace both parents and stabilize population over time.

Infant mortality rate

A measure of how many infants die within the first year per 1000 live births.

Zero population growth

When a country has the same number of births and deaths, resulting in a rate of natural increase of 0.

Doubling time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size.

The 4 pop clusters

South Asia east asia southeast Asia and europe

Emerging clusters

West Africa and eastern North america

Physical features influencing pop distribution

Elevation and bodies of water

Physical feature preferences in terms of population

Lower elevations and near the sea

Factors affected by pop distribution

Labor supply infrastructure development national security human well being and vulnerability to disease

Calculation of dependency ratio

NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS/NUMBER OF WORKING AGE PEOPLE X 100

Causes of unbalanced sex ratios in a pop pyramid

Androcentrism and infanticide and gender selective migration and war

4 shapes of pop pyramids

Rapid growth, slow growth, stable, and decline

Slow growth in a population pyramid

More narrow base with birth rate slightly bigger than death rate and less children are born

Stable population pyramid shape

Birth and death rates are similar and is wider

Calculation of crude birth rate

TOTAL BIRTHS/TOTAL MID YEAR POP x 1000

Low birth rate is indicated as

10-20

Transitional birth rate is indicated as

20-30

A high birth rate is indicated as

30 or higher

Why is Fertility rate more accurate than CBR

It focuses on part of the female population and reveals average family size and suggested future changes

What Fertility rate would emphasize a pop decline

Lower than 2.1

Child mortality

Deaths of children under 5

Rate of natural increase

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year when expressed as a percentage of the total population

Calculation of RNI

CBR - CDR/10