Studied by 3 people
attribution theory
theory that we explain someones behaviors by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
fundamental attribution error
we attribute the behaviors of others differently than we do ourselves; overestimate dispositional factors
self serving bias
tendency to attribute our own success to personal characteristics and failures to external forces
false consensus effect
tendency to overestimate the extent to which our own opinions are typical of other
just world hypthesis
false idea that the world is fair
ex; karma & victim blaming
confirmation bias
tendency to find, favor, and recall info that confirms/ supports beliefs & values
halo effect
tendency for positive impressions of a person in one area to positively influence ones opinion in another area
self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation or prediction becomes true simply because we believe it
cognitive dissonance
believing one thing but doing another
elaboration likelihood model
someone who thinks ab a particular item a lot doesn’t easily change their mind
ex; polar bears arent real
central route to persuasion
requires thought + deep processing of content; more likely to result in lasting change of behavior
ex; infomercial
peripheral route to persuasion
requires less thought + involves emotion, changes attitude fast but is not likely to result in lasting change
foot in the door phenomenon
following a small request w a big one
ex; asking for 5$ early in the week, and then asking for 10 later in the week
door in the face phenomenon
following a bug request w a smaller, much more reasonable one
ex; can i have 1000$, oh wait i meant 20
norm reciprocity
tendency of people to feel obligated to return favors
ex; gift giving
conformity
yielding to group pressures
automatic mimicry
unconsciously imitating others expressions, postures, and voice tones
compliance
changing behavior while still internally disagreeing w the group
normative social influence
influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
informational social influence
change in behavior bc of evidence, info, knowledge from others
social role
set of expectations for how and indv should behave in a social situation
ex; if you are a parent you are expected to make sure you’re child acts right
social norm
unwritten rules snd expectations that dictate how indvs should behave in a particular situation
ex; you wait to be seated at a resteraunt
diffusion of responsibility
when people feel less responsibility to take the right action when people are present
deindividuation
temporary loss of self awareness and restraint in crowds
ex; moshpits
bystander effect
people are less likely to help when in a large crowd
ex; “someone else will do it”
social loafing
tendency to put in less effort when apart of a group
ex; group projects
social facilitation theory
the presence of other will positively effect performance due to arousal; only works if it is a well practiced skill
ex; professional sports players
social impairment
indv performance suffers when being watched if it is not a well practiced skill
group polarization
tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions & opinions than they would indv
groupthink
ppl strive for consensus within a group & set aside personal beliefs
social trap
situation which a group of people act to obtain short-term indv gains, leading to a loss for the group
ex; 6ix9ine
prisoners dilemma
snitching to the DA to get a better deal (you get reduced sentence, but you betrayed your friend)
in-group
any social social group a person identifies as belonging to
out group
anyone who does not share the same characteristics
ex; us vs them
ultimate attribution error/ group serving bias
viewing in group actions more positively than out group actions
out group bias
perceive members of in-group as unique and member of out group being “all the same”
ex; basic white girls
social bias
predisposition for or against an indv/ group
stereotypes
classifying people into categories based on biases
ex; all asians are smart
prejudices
unjustifiable & usually negative attitudes towards a group
ex; the new generation is full of lazy bums
discrimination
treating other people differently
scapegoat theory
theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
other-race effect
tendency to reca faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races
ethnocentrism
judging other peoples cultures based on preconceptions of our own cultures
mirror image perception
view other person as hostile/ evil and view themselves as peaceful/ good
ultimate attribution error
determining only bad acts from out groups are caused by internal attributes and that good acts are an exception
subordinate goal
goals that both parties want to achieve
mere-exposure effect
the more you are exposed to something, the more you will grow to like it
hostile aggression
causing physical or emotional harm to someone
instrumental aggression
goal is to aquire smt
ex; bully gets lunch money
frustration aggression principle
feeling frustrated when efforts to reach a goal are blocked
altruism
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
altruistic norms
acting on behalf of group rather than self interest
social responsibility norm
expectation that people help others even at the cost to themselves
halo effect
thinking attractive people are nice and smart & vice versa
similarity
you are more likely to be attracted to people w similar values/ bgs
proximity
we are more likely to be attracted to people near us
self disclosure
gradually revealing personal info
intimacy
feelings of closeness, connectedness, & bondedness
passion
desires leading to physical attraction, romance,
commitment
remaining w someone & move toward shared goal
compaionate love
deep affection and attraction for someone
consumate love
ideal relationship made up of all 3 vectors
social exchange theory
idea that social relations are an exchange in which a participant tries to maximize benefits & minimize cost
ex; contemplating wether to get late points off on HW or turn it in half finished
phillip zimbardo
prison experiement
power dynamic
grit
perseverance
solomon asch
conformity experiment
would ppl give the wrong answer js bc evb else was
leon festinger
social psychologist
cognitive dissonance
stanley milgrim
social psychologist
milgrim shock experiment
studied obidence; would people simply follow orders
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