The Self: Concepts and Self-Perception

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding self-concept, self-esteem, and the psychological factors influencing how individuals perceive themselves and their interactions with others.

What is self-image or self-concept?

Your answers when you ask yourself the question: 'Who am I?'

What are the three aspects of self in "Various Selves I"?

Individual self, relational self, and collective self.

What are the three types of self as described in 'Various Selves II'?

Actual self, ought self, and ideal self.

What brain areas are associated with self-awareness necessary for self-concept?

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex.

How does symbolic interactionism describe the origin of self?

Self originates through language, social, and cultural interactions and role-taking.

How do individualistic cultures view the concept of self?

They emphasize an independent self, focusing on individual traits and uniqueness.

How do collectivistic cultures view the concept of self?

They emphasize an interdependent self, focusing on relationships and conformity.

What does the 'impact-bias' refer to?

The tendency to overestimate the intensity and duration of emotional experiences.

What does self-esteem evaluate?

Our own self-concept.

Define explicit self-esteem.

Self-esteem that is measured through self-reports.

Define implicit self-esteem.

Self-esteem that operates outside of conscious awareness, such as in the Implicit Association Test (IAT).

What are self-serving biases?

Attributions that give credit for success to oneself and blame failure on external factors.

What is social comparison in the context of self-evaluation?

The process of evaluating oneself in relation to others, which can affect self-concept.

What does 'BIRGing' stand for?

Basking In Reflected Glory, or associating oneself with successful others.

What does self-handicapping mean?

Creating obstacles for oneself to excuse poor performance.

What is the Spotlight Effect?

The tendency to overestimate how much others notice our appearance or behavior.

What did Gilbert et al. (1998) study regarding happiness after a breakup?

They found that people underestimate how quickly they would recover from emotional distress after relationship breakdowns.