Integrated Anatomy: Gastrointestinal System 1

Peritoneum

Lining of the abdomen

Parietal peritoneum

lines abdominal walls

Visceral peritoneum

covers organs

Intraperitoneal Space

There are no organs that live here, only a small amount of fluid

Mesentery

Attaches organ to body wall

Omentum

Attaches stomach to adjacent organs

Greater omentum

from greater curvature of stomach to dorsal body wall

Lesser omentum

from lesser curvature of stomach to liver and duodenum

Anatomy

Structures that are involved with digestion

Physiology

How those organs work in digestion

Digestive system

takes complex foods and breaks them down into simple nutrient molecules through the digestion process.

tube

inside of your body that runs from the mouth to the anus

accessory digestive organs

aid in the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients

digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract, alimentary canal or, the gut

The digestive tube is known as the

Mouth, Teeth, Esophagus, Stomach, Doudenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Colon, Rectum, Anus

Digestive System is Composed of

Salivary glands, Liver, Pancreas

Digestive System Accessory digestive organs

Herbivores

Plant eating animals; horses, cattle, sheep, and goats

Carnivores

Meat eating animals; cats

Omnivores

Animals that eat plant material and meat; humans and pigs

Monogastric

Simple stomach

Ruminant

Have mixing and fermentation compartments in addition to the stomach

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Basic Flow of Digestive Tract

Prehension

grasping

Mastication

chewing

chemical digestion

takes place inside the mouth

absoption

takes place inside intestines

elimination

takes place in anus

mesentery

The digestive tube in the abdomen is suspended from the dorsal body wall by sheets of connective tissue called

blood, lymph, nerves

what is inside the mesentery

skeletal and smooth

Two types of muscle are found in the digestive system

Mouth, prehension, pharynx, cranial portion of the esophagus, external anal sphincter

where is skeletal muscle found in the digestive system

Wall of the digestive tube

where is Smooth muscle found in the digestive system

involuntary

Is this voluntary or involuntary: The contents of the digestive system are moved and mixed by two main types of smooth muscle contractions

Peristaltic contractions and Segmental contractions

The contents of the digestive system are moved and mixed by two main types of smooth muscle contractions

Peristaltic

contractions move contents along the digestive tract

Segmental

contractions cause back and forth mixing movement

digestion and absorption

Segmental contractions aid in ___________ and __________ by mixing the digestive tract contents and slowing their movement through the tract.

cheek

Buccal means pertaining to the

buccal cavity

Oral Cavity is Also known as the

Oral Cavity

where digestion starts

Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx

Oral Cavity includes

labia

Lips are also known as

Prehension

Lips are used in

Highly sensitive

Lips are known to be ______ and a significant sense organ in horses

three

Most domestic animals have how many matching pairs of salivary glands:

Parotid

Salivary Gland located just ventral to the ear canals

Mandibular

Salivary Gland located just central to the parotid

Sublingual

Salivary Gland located medial to the shafts (body) of the mandible just under the base of the tongue

Zygomatic

extra Salivary Gland

ducts (tubes)

All glands have __________ that carry saliva to the oral cavity

mastication

Physically break down food into smaller pieces

Maxilla and incisive

bones that contain the upper arcade

Mandible

bone that contains the lower arcade

blunt

what shape are herbivore teeth

pointed

what shape are carnivore teeth

Occlusal surface

where teeth come together

Incisors

Most rostral - grasping teeth for prehension

Canines

Corners of incisors, Tearing teeth, Tusks

Premolars

Cheek Teeth, Cutting teeth

Molars

Grinding teeth

Dental Pad

Ruminants do not have upper incisors, that have a ________

Lingual Surface

Oral Cavity "inner surface" of the lower arcade that faces the tongue

Palatal surface

Oral Cavity "inner surface" of the upper arcade that faces the hard palate

Labial Surface

Oral Cavity "Outer surface" that faces the front of the mouth

Buccal Surface

Oral Cavity "Outer surface" of both arcades that face the cheek

living structures

Teeth are living or nonliving structures?

Crown

part of the tooth that projects above the gingiva

gum

gingiva is also known as the

Root

part of the tooth that is embedded in the bone

apex

Tip of the root is the

apex of the root

Where blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth

enamel

The crown is covered by a thin layer of a white hard material called

enamel

The hardest substance in the body

Dentin

makes up most of the tooth

pulp cavity

Dentin surrounds the

Esophagus

Muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach and is a transport tube only

cardia

Esophagus enters the stomach at the

Cardiac sphincter

is a weak circle of smooth muscle capable of closing off an opening

stomach

what expands and folds against the esophagus acts as a natural valve

Cardiac sphincter

In some species this anatomical closure can be so strong that reflux or vomiting is impossible

3/3 and 3/3 total of 12

Canine Dental Formulas incisors
upper/lower

1/1and 1/1 total of 4

Canine Dental Formulas Canines
upper/lower

4/4 and 4/4 total of 16

Canine Dental Formulas Premolars
upper/lower

2/3 and 2/3 total of 10

Canine Dental Formulas Molars
upper/lower

3/3 and 3/3 total of 12

Feline Dental Formulas incisors
upper/lower

1/1 and 1/1 total of 4

Feline Dental Formulas Canines
upper/lower

3/2 and 3/2 total of 10

Feline Dental Formulas Premolars
upper/lower

1/1 and 1/1 total of 4

Feline Dental Formulas molars
upper/lower

0/3 and 0/3 total of 6

Bovine Dental Formulas incisors
upper/lower

0/1 and 0/1 total of 2

Bovine Dental Formulas Canines
upper/lower

3/3 and 3/3 total of 12

Bovine Dental Formulas Premolars
upper/lower

3/3 and 3/3 total of 12

Bovine Dental Formulas molars
upper/lower

3/3 and 3/3 total of 12

Equine Dental Formulas incisors
upper/lower

1/1 and 1/1 total of 4

Equine Dental Formulas Canines
upper/lower

3-3 and 3-3 total of 12

Equine Dental Formulas Premolars
upper/lower

3/3 and 3/3 total of 12

Equine Dental Formulas molars
upper/lower

they have a large cecum

How is a horse monogastric?

Arodynamic

describe the skull shape of a carnivore

herbivores

are ruminants herbivores or carnivores?

42

canines Total teeth