STUDY WPU PART 2

Cold War

A period of political tension and military rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, marked by nuclear deterrence and proxy wars.

Nuclear Deterrence

The military strategy to prevent conflict through the threat of nuclear retaliation.

Berlin Wall

Built to stop migration from East to West Berlin; symbolized the division of Germany during the Cold War.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Military alliance formed by Western nations to counter Soviet influence.

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance of communist states formed in response to NATO.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation that brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war.

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

An agreement aimed at limiting nuclear weapons testing.

Great Leap Forward

A Chinese campaign initiated by Mao Zedong aiming for rapid industrialization and collectivization that led to widespread famine.

Cultural Revolution

A social-political movement launched by Mao Zedong intending to reinforce communist ideology and eliminate opposition.

Iranian Revolution (1979)

A revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the shah and the establishment of an Islamic theocracy.

Guatemala (1954)

U.S.-backed coup that removed President Jacobo Árbenz over fears of communism.

Vietnam War

Conflict in Vietnam where U.S. intervened to prevent communist expansion in South Vietnam.

Algeria's War for Independence

A violent struggle (1954-1962) for Algeria’s independence from French colonial rule, leading to internal conflicts.

Biafran Civil War

A civil conflict (1967-1970) in Nigeria involving the Igbo people's attempt to secede.

Pan-Arabism

An ideology promoting the unity and cooperation among Arab countries, particularly advocated by Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader of Ghana, inspired Pan-Africanism and championed independence from colonial rule.

Senegal, Ivory Coast, and Niger

Countries that gained independence from France through peaceful negotiations.

Dual legal system in Nigeria

A legal system that incorporates both secular law and Islamic law, aiming to balance ethnic divisions.

Indian National Congress

Political party instrumental in leading India's struggle for independence from British rule.

Muslim League

Political organization that advocated for the establishment of Pakistan as a separate nation for Muslims.

Kashmir

A disputed territory that has been a point of conflict between India and Pakistan since their independence.

Red Guards

Radical youth groups in China mobilized during the Cultural Revolution to eliminate perceived enemies of Mao's policies.