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27 BCE
The year marking the official beginning of the Roman Empire and the First Settlement by Augustus.
Augustus
The title given to Octavian after he consolidated power, marking the transition from Republic to Empire.
First Settlement
The event in 27 BCE where Octavian handed back power to the Senate but retained control as Augustus.
Imperium
The supreme authority in Rome's affairs, particularly military command, vested in certain officeholders.
Imperium consulare maius
Greater consular power granted to Augustus during the Second Settlement in 23 BCE.
Imperial Province
Provinces governed directly by the emperor, significant for their military importance.
Senatorial Province
Stable Roman provinces governed by proconsuls, which required less military oversight.
Aerarium militare
A fund established by Augustus in 6 AD for the support of veterans.
Virgil
Prominent Augustean writer known for his epic poem, the Aeneid.
Res Gestae
An autobiographical account by Augustus detailing his achievements.
Beneficial Ideology
The concept portraying emperors as generous benefactors to secure popular support.
Imperial Cult
A religious phenomenon venerating emperors and their divine powers across the empire.
Jewish Revolt
An uprising in Judaea (66-73 AD) against Roman rule driven by various tensions.
Auctoritas
Unofficial influence and prestige wielded by individuals in Roman society.
Princeps
The term meaning 'leading figure', adopted by Augustus to signify his role without appearing monarchal.
Imperator
Title for military commanders that became synonymous with the emperor after Augustus.
Roman Empire
The period in history following the Republic, initiated by Augustus in 27 BCE.
Mark Antony
Rival of Octavian whose defeat led to Octavian's sole leadership in Rome.
Cleopatra
The queen of Egypt allied with Mark Antony, defeated by Octavian.
Principate
Form of governance established by Augustus that masked autocracy within Republican forms.
Legati Augusti pro praetore
Emperor's appointed governors in imperial provinces, often former consuls or praetors.
Proconsul
A governor of a senatorial province, typically a former consul.
Annona
System of grain supply and price regulation to provide affordable food to citizens.
Alimenta
Subsidies for children provided as part of the Beneficial Ideology.
Empires history
The evolution of governance structures marked by Augustus's reforms.
Cultural reforms
Changes initiated by Augustus to promote Roman identity and values.
Military reforms
Changes ensuring the loyalty and welfare of the military under Augustus.
Public buildings
Infrastructure constructed as part of the propaganda to support the Beneficial Ideology.
Pax Romana
The long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire.
Urban reforms
Changes to cities initiated by Augustus to enhance urban life.
Dignitas
The personal honor and reputation a Roman individual aimed to achieve.
Social tension
Conflicts arising from different groups within the empire, exemplified by the Jewish Revolt.
Tiberius
Augustus's stepson and the second emperor of Rome, whose reign followed Augustus.
Flavian Dynasty
Roman imperial dynasty known for consolidating power after the Julio-Claudians.
Roman Senate
The political body that Augustus worked with strategically to maintain the illusion of the Republic.