Untitled Flashcards Set

Merneptah Stele

An ancient Egyptian inscription that is the earliest known reference to Israel in history.

Yahweh

The original Jewish god, associated with the southern tribes of Israel.

United Monarchy

The period when Israel was ruled by three kings: Saul, David, and Solomon.

Tel Dan Stele

An archaeological find that mentions the House of David, providing evidence for the existence of the United Monarchy.

Divided Monarchy

The split of the kingdom of Israel into the Northern Kingdom (Israel) and the Southern Kingdom (Judah).

Babylonian Exile

The period when the Jewish population was exiled to Babylon following the conquest of Jerusalem.

Zadokite High Priest

The most important religious leader in Jerusalem during the Persian period.

Documentary Hypothesis

The theory that the Torah was composed of multiple sources, including J, E, D, and P.

Hellenization

The historical spread of Greek culture, often leading to the adaptation of local customs.

Hasmonean Revolt

A rebellion led by the Maccabees against the Seleucid Empire, resulting in Jewish independence.

Apocalypticism

The belief in an imminent profound change in the cosmic, social, and political order.

Fiscus Judaicus

A tax levied by the Romans on Jews in lieu of the Temple tax.

Rabbis

Jewish religious leaders that emerged post-Temple, focusing on Torah study and prayer in synagogues.

Codex

An ancient manuscript text in book form, often references Jewish scriptures.

Diaspora

The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, leading to various challenges including assimilation and identity preservation.