First-semester History final.

These are the basic understanding of concepts taught in the first semester. Your job will be to understand their impact on the creation of the United States of America. Think - Why do I need to know this? Or How does this help me tell the story of how America began? Historical Significance, Main Ideas, and Cause and Effect will be your best tools for understanding the terms.

Amerigo Vespucci -

discovered Columbus wasn’t in India; America is named after him.

Subsistence farming -

farming to feed your family but not for a living.

Mayflower Compact -

set up rules and regulations of Plymouth colony.

Patriot Loyalist perspectives -

Uniting the colonists to fight against British tyranny became a crucial part of the plan to gain independence.

Charter -

permission to establish a colony.

Mercantilism -

the theory that the more wealth a country has the more power they have.

Declaration of Independence -

a document that declared us free from English rule; "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.

Townshend Act -

tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea; collected at harbor.

Boycott -

refusal to buy a good.

Columbus -

discovered the new world while looking for India.

Salem Witch Trials -

100s of colonists were accused of witchcraft; religious law and church officials ruled the colony.

Pocahontas -

translated for Native Americans and colonists; married John Rolfe.

Patriot -

a person who supported American colonists during Revolutionary War.

Sons of Liberty -

colonists who protested against British laws.

Magna Carta -

document stating all English citizens would not be taxed without their consent.

John Adams -

pushed for the Declaration of Independence.

Common Sense -

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine trying to convince colonists to become patriots.

Congress -

American lawmaking body of government.

Pilgrims -

people on a religious journey; came to America for religious freedom.

Parliament -

British lawmaking body of government.

Colony -

a small settlement made up of people from a different area; ruled by another country.

Plymouth -

Pilgrim settlement in Massachusetts.

French and Indian War -

a war fought between French and Native Americans.

British soldiers

Quartering Act- colonists forced to house ________.

Native Americans

European effects on ________- diseases, changes in agriculture, violence between cultures.

Middle Passage

________- second leg of Triangular Trade route that captured Africans to trade in the New World.

Great Migration

________- the large movement of puritans to the New World.

Proclamation of 1763

an act that forbade colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Columbian Exchange

________- movement of people /goods between Europe and the New World.

Paul Revere

________- Patriot involved in several events that led to the American Revolution.

George Washington

________- British General in French and Indian War; Commander of Continental Army.

Navigation Acts

________- a series of laws intended to limit trading in the colonies with only England.

Native American

________- original inhabitants of the Americas; original settlers came from Asia during the Ice Age.

Thomas Paine

________- wrote Common Sense; inspired colonists to join patriot camp;"These are the times that try mens souls ..

John Rolfe

________- discovered tobacco in Jamestown.

Committees of correspondence

________- colonists wrote letters to other colonies informing them of happenings.

Sugar Act

________- tax placed on sugar (molasses)

Articles of Confederation

________- first constitution of the United States.

Representative government

________- laws made for a country voted on by elected officials.

Stamp Act

________- colonists forced to place a stamp on all legal documents.

Boston Massacre

________- 5 colonists were killed in riot in Boston.

John Rolfe

discovered tobacco in Jamestown

John Smith

forced colonists to work in Jamestown saving the colony

King George III

King of England during the American revolution.

Thomas Jefferson

wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Paine

wrote Common Sense; inspired colonists to join patriot camp; "These are the times that try mens souls."

John Hancock  

President of the Continental Congress

George Washington

British General in French and Indian War; Commander of Continental Army

Native American

original inhabitants of the Americas; original settlers came from Asia during the Ice Age

Puritan

people who wanted to purify the Church of England

Great Migration

the large movement of puritans to the New World

Export

a good sold to another country

Middle Passage

second leg of Triangular Trade route that captured Africans to trade in the New World

Representative government

laws made for a country voted on by elected officials

Tobacco

product that saved Jamestown; popular in Europe and with Native Americans

Sugar Act

tax placed on sugar (molasses)

Stamp Act

colonists forced to place a stamp on all legal documents

Quartering Act

 colonists forced to house British soldiers

Intolerable Acts

four acts that Britain placed on the colonists after the Boston Tea party

Boston Tea Party

colonists threw tea overboard as a sign of protest

First Continental Congress

banned trade with England

Second Continental Congress

formed Continental Army;  started printing money; declared independence

Loyalists or Tories

person who supported Britain during the Revolutionary War; 30% of the population were loyalists at start of war

Navigation Acts

a series of laws intended to limit trading in the colonies with only England

Articles of Confederation

first constitution of the United States

Revolutionary War

war between England and its colonies

Jamestown

2nd colony in North America; first to survive

Roanoke

1st colony in North America; failed

European effects on Native Americans

diseases, changes in agriculture, violence between cultures

Columbian Exchange/Triangle Trade -

trading goods between the Americas and Europe for the first time

Problems with Jamestown

1)  Bad Water due to swampy land 2)  Poor soil 3)  little food/starvation 4)  disease

Jamestown survived due to the leadership of John Smith - who moved settlers inland away from swampy lands to a better water source; forced colonists to work instead of searching for gold; developed good relationships with Native Americans to learn how to farm and end fighting

Thirteen colonies

grouping of the British colonies along the Atlantic coast

__New England region__

New Hampshire; Massachusetts, Rhode Island__,__ and Connecticut; made living by trade and the sea; first colonists came here for religious freedom; subsistence farming; industry was main economy

__Middle Colonies__

New York; New Jersey; Delaware; Pennsylvania; Breadbasket colonies - farming - wheat, rye, barley, oats; good harbors for trade; diverse population 

__Southern Colonies__

Georgia; South Carolina; North Carolina; Virginia; Maryland; known for large plantations with slaves; farming – corn, rice, indigo, cotton, tobacco; limited organized religion and schools

Articles of Confederation concept

Impact of this form of government on *The Constitution* we have today. 

__Triangular Trade Routes__

merchant ships followed trade routes that formed a triangle

__Inalienable rights__

rights that a person has upon their birth never to be taken away- life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 

__Consent of the governed__

people agree to be governed or to give power to the government

__Push / Pull Factors__

factors that push one out of a country or pull one to a country