First-semester History final.

People

Columbus – discovered the new world while looking for India

Amerigo Vespucci – discovered Columbus wasn’t at India; America is named after him

John Rolfe – discovered tobacco in Jamestown

John Smith – forced colonists to work in Jamestown saving the colony

Pocahontas – translated for Native Americans and colonists; married John Rolfe

King George III – King of England during the Am. Revolution

Thomas Jefferson – wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Paine – wrote Common Sense; inspired colonists to join patriot camp; “These are the times that try men’s souls.”

John Hancock - President of the Continental Congress

George Washington - British General in French and Indian War; Commander of Continental Army

John Adams - pushed for the Declaration of Independence

Paul Revere - Patriot involved in several events that led to the American Revolution

Vocabulary

Native American - original inhabitants of the Americas; original settlers came from Asia during the Ice Age

Puritan – people who wanted to purify the Church of England

Pilgrims – people on a religious journey; came to America for religious freedom

Subsistence farming - farming to feed your family but not for a living

Mercantilism - theory that the more wealth a country has the more power they have

Great Migration – the large movement of puritans to the New World

Mayflower Compact – set up rules and regulations of Plymouth colony

Import -a good brought into the country

Export - a good sold to another country

Triangular Trade Routes - merchant ships followed trade routes that formed a triangle

Middle Passage - second leg of Triangular Trade route that captured Africans to trade in the New World.

Columbian Exchange - movement of people/goods between Europe and the New World

Representative government - laws made for a country voted on by elected officials

Parliament – British lawmaking body of government

Congress – American lawmaking body of government

Colony – a small settlement made up of people from a different area; ruled by another country

Declaration of Independence – document that declared us free from English rule; “We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal . . .with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”; 5 parts (like a break up letter)

Common Sense - pamphlet written by Thomas Paine trying to convince colonists to become patriots

Tobacco – product that saved Jamestown; popular in Europe and with Native Americans

Boycott – refusal to buy a good

Committees of correspondence – colonists wrote letters to other colonies informing them of happenings

Magna Carta – document stating all English citizens would not be taxed without their consent

Sugar Act - tax placed on sugar (molasses)

Stamp Act – colonists forced to place a stamp on all legal documents

Quartering Act - colonists forced to house British soldiers

Proclamation of 1763 – act that forbade colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains

Intolerable Acts – four acts that Britain placed on the colonists after the Boston Tea party

Boston Tea Party – colonists threw tea overboard as a sign of protest

Boston Massacre - 5 colonists were killed in riot in Boston

First Continental Congress – banned trade with England

Second Continental Congress – formed Continental Army; started printing money; declared independence

Charter – permission to establish a colony

Sons of Liberty – colonists who protested against British laws

Patriot – person who supported American colonists during Revolutionary War

Loyalists or Tories – person who supported Britain during the Revolutionary War; 30% of the population were loyalists at start of war

Navigation Acts – a series of laws intended to limit trading in the colonies with only England

Inalienable rights – rights that a person has upon their birth never to be taken away- life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Townshend Act - tax on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea; collected at harbor

Consent of the governed - people agree to be governed or to give power to the govt.

Articles of Confederation - first constitution of the United States

Places and Battles

French and Indian War – war fought between Fr. and N.A. vs Britain over land and trade

Revolutionary War – war between England and its colonies

Jamestown – 2nd colony in North America; first to survive

Roanoke – 1st colony in North America; failed

Plymouth – Pilgrim settlement in Massachusetts

Concepts

Push / Pull Factors- factors that push one out of a country or pull one to a country

European effects on Native Americans - diseases, changes in agriculture, violence between cultures

Columbian Exchange/Triangle Trade - trading goods between the Americas and Europe for the first time

Salem Witch Trials - 100’s of colonists accused of witchcraft; colony ruled by religious law and officials of church

Problems with Jamestown – 1) Bad Water due to swampy land 2) Poor soil 3) little food/starvation 4) disease

Jamestown survived due to leadership of John Smith - moved settlers inland away from swampy lands to a better water source; forced colonists to work instead of searching for gold; developed good relationships with Native Americans to learn how to farm and end fighting

Thirteen colonies – grouping of the British colonies along the Atlantic coast

· New England region–New Hampshire; Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut; made living by trade and the sea; first colonists came here for religious freedom; subsistence farming; industry was main economy

· Middle Colonies – New York; New Jersey; Delaware; Pennsylvania ; Breadbasket colonies - farming - wheat, rye, barley, oats; good harbors for trade; diverse population

· Southern Colonies – Georgia; South Carolina; North Carolina; Virginia; Maryland; known for large plantations with slaves; farming – corn, rice, indigo, cotton, tobacco; limited organized religion and schools

Patriot / Loyalist perspectives - Uniting the colonists to fight against British tyranny became a crucial part of the plan to gain independence.

Articles of Confederation - Impact of this form of government on The Constitution we have today.