Psychology - 5 senses

Sense of touch

Relies on sensory receptor cells

Environment around us and from inside our body

Relayed along sensory neurons in parietal lobes

Skin has these types of receptor cells

Heat, cold, pain, and pressure

Kinesthetic Sense

Awareness of body position and movement of body parts

Vestibular sense

Balance and body orientation

Sensory adaptation

Decrease in sensory responsiveness due to constant and unchanging stimuli(getting used to surroudings)

Signal Detection Theory

Focus attention on 1 thing at a time because we cannot process every stimulus

categorized by importance; forefront vs background

Detection depends on

Quality of stimulus, environment, expectation & physiological state

Selective attention:

Focusing conscious attention on a particular stimulus to the exclusion of others

Allows a person to function in a world of many stimuli

Volume

Measured in decibels

Comes from amplitude of sound wave

Tone/pitch

Measured in hertz

comes from frequency/wavelength of sound wave

Auditory canal

Opening sound waves go through to get to ear for processing]

Ends at tympanic membrane(eardrum)

Eardrum

Tissues that vibrate with sound

connected to bones in ear (ossicles)

Ossicles

3 tiny bones

Transfer sound waves to oval window

Oval Window

Point on cochlea which gets sound vibration frm ossicles

Cochlea

A fluid-filled hearing organ

Converts sound waves to neural impulses

Hair cells:

Receptor cells in cochlea that change sound vibrations into neural impulses

Auditory nerve

Carries sound information from cochlea to brain in temporal lobe

Semicircular Canals

Fluid-filled organs in the inner ear

Senses body orientation and balance(vestibular sense)

Taste buds are located

Around the bumps on your tongue(papilla)

Taste and smell contribute to

The experience of flavor

Retina

Focuses light

located in back of eye

Cones and Rods

Receptor cells in Retina

Convert light into electrical signals sent to the occipital lobe through optic nerve

Cones

Color vision and detail

Rods

Peripheal vision, shades of gray, night vision

Sensation

Process of receiving stimulation

What goes into your senses(sights, sounds)

Sensation is a ______ process

Passive

Just happens to you

Perception

The process of filtering, organizing, and interpreting stimuli

Perception is a _______ process

Active, cognitive

Bottom-up processing

You take in stimuli and the brain takes it as is

Top-down processing

You take in stimuli and your brain takes in context, then interpret what it means

uses past experience to form opinion

Absolute threshold

The minimum amount of stimulation that an organism can detect 50% of the time

Difference Thrreshold

Just noticable difference - minimum amount of difference needed to detect 2 stimuli are not the same

Subliminal

Energy that is below your threshold for conscious awareness

In Eye: Cornea = in ear is ______

Auditory Canal, Allows Stimuli in

In Eye: _____ = In ear: Cochlea

Retina, contains receptors for stimuli

In Eye: Rods & Cones = In ear:____

Cilia(hair-like), transduce stimuli into signals

Transduction

The first step of perception

Converts a sensory signal into an electrical signal to be processed for perception