BIOG162 - Modules 22-23 Angiosperms, Flowers, and Pollination

Covers vegitative propagation, flower structure, and pollination.

vegetative reproduction

asexual reproduction in flowering plants

totipotent

when one cell can develop into a full multicellular organism, will be genetically identical as the plant the cell came from

anther

where the microsporangium forms, part of the stamen

filament

the stalk that supports the anther, part of the stamen

embryo sac

the female gametophyte in angiosperms

synergids

flank the egg

central cell

houses 2 polar nuclei

whorls

concentric circular layers of flowers

stigma

where pollen sticks to on a female for fertilization

calyx

whorl 1, the sepal

sepal

protect the emerging floral bud

corolla

whorl 2, the petal layer

petals

have the purpose of getting attention from other organisms

androecium

whorl 3, the stamen

gynoecium

whorl 4, embryo sac

embryo sac parts

the stigma, style, and ovary

number of seeds

determined by the number of ovules

complete flower

have all 4 whorls

incomplete flower

doesn’t have all 4 whorls

receptacle

the base that whorls sit atop

perfect flower

have both male and female parts

imperfect flower

have only male or female plants, not both

staminate flower

only have stamen

carpellate flower

only have carpels

monoecious

have male and female imperfect flowers on the same plant

dioecious

male and female imperfect flowers are located on separate plants

how plants rely on animals

animals carry pollen to another flower for pollination

nectar

sugar and nutrient rich food source flowers produce and share with animals

nectaries

glands at the base of the petals that make nectar

pollination syndrome

when a plant apeals to a certain pollination

how do plants entice animals

will be a specific color, possible scent, shape, some resemble other insects to trick insects into “mating”

the 5 bees of pollination

bees, birds, butterflies, beetles and flies, bats

bee pollination syndrome

flowers are usually purple, yellow, or white, provide landing platform, are often fragrant

bird pollination syndrome

flowers are usually red with a long tubular shape, they aren’t normally fragrent

bat pollination syndrome

flowers are normally white, bloom at night, and are fragrant

pollen sac

where pollen is made and stored, make 4 microspores which turn into 2 haploid cells

pollen grain

contain the sperm

megaspores in pollination

must undergo mitosis 3 times to make one egg

LUREs

a chemical that guides the pollen tube to the egg

microphyl

a gap that allows for fertilization

fertilization

one sperm fuses with an egg to make a diploid zygote, the other fuses with 2 polar nuclei to make a triploid cell

the first division of the zygote make what?

terminal cells and basal cells

terminal cell

make embryos

basal cell

make a chain of cells

suspensor

chain that transfers nutrients from parent to zygote