organics

chemistry

hydrocarbon

compound of hydrogen + carbon only

homologous series

group of compounds with same general formula, same same functional group, similar chemical reactions

incomplete combustion

carbon monoxide

fuel

a substance that when burnt releases heat energy

polymer

plastics, chain molecules made from monomers

crude oil

mixture of hydrocarbons

saturated

compound has all single covalent bonds C-C

unsaturated

compound has one or more double bonds C\=C

order of fractional distillation

diesel, kerosene, naphtha, gasoline, fuel gases

number of C atoms (1)

methane

number of C atoms (2)

ethane

number of C atoms (3)

propane

number of C atoms (4)

butane

molecular for 1 carbon atom

CH4

molecular for 2 carbon atoms

C2H6

molecular for 3 carbon atoms

C3H8

molecular for 4 carbon atoms

C4H10

what is cracking

thermal decomposition

how does cracking work

use heat to breakdown one substance into more than one

what is the saturation test?

testing if there are alkanes or alkenes

what happens in the saturation test if there are alkanes?

stays orange

what happens in the saturation test if there are alkenes?

orange to colourless

in cracking what is essential for the decomposition to take place

catalyst - alumina or silica

what is the formula for alkanes

CnH2n + 2n

what is the formula for alkenes

CnH2n

how to do the saturation test

add orange bromine solution

which are more reactive alkanes or alkenes?

alkenes because they are unsaturated