Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes.

What are goals?

Goals are the things we want to achieve in life; our plans and aims.

What does SMART goals stand for?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-based

What is a short-term goal?

Achieved in a short space of time (week or month)

What is a medium-term goal?

Something you want to achieve in the next 6 months

What is a long-term goal?

Goals you want to achieve in a few years, like becoming a doctor or engineer.

What are the five steps for planning and goal-setting?

Write down your goal, check if it is a SMART goal, make an action plan, carry out your plan, and evaluate if you have achieved your goal.

What are the steps in problem-solving skills?

Explain the problem, gather information, list possible solutions, make a table of problems and solutions, think of the effects of each solution, and choose the best solution.

What are values?

Principles you think are important in life, influencing decisions and goal-setting.

What are the types of relationships?

Family, casual, friends, formal, and romantic.

What are family relationships?

People who are related to you through blood or marriage; provide love, care, and support.

What are casual relationships?

Relationships with people you see often but are not close to.

What are friend relationships?

A person you know well, like, trust, and respect; good friends have a positive effect, harmful friends can lead to risky behavior.

What are formal relationships?

Relationships with people who are usually in a more senior position than yourself, such as teachers and elders.

What are romantic relationships?

Close relationship with another person, based on love, where you can be yourself.

What are the natural developments and unexpected events that change relationships?

Moving, meeting new people, health changes, new interests, getting older, accidents, job loss, losing money, violent crime, and war.

What skills and qualities make good relationships?

Unselfishness, caring, mutual respect, ability to communicate, accepting people as they are, sympathetic, good listener, supportive, and able to work as a team.

What is the role of power in relationships?

Having control over something or someone; can lead to power relations where one person has power over another.

What is gender stereotyping?

Thinking that someone behaves or will behave in a certain way because of their gender.

What are gender roles?

Men and women have different biological roles which have influenced their roles in society.

What are types of qualifications?

Higher Certificate, Diploma, Bachelor’s Degree

What is a Higher Certificate qualification?

Enables work in a specific industry, provides introductory knowledge and skills, focus on workplace application, allows credits for further studies.

What is a Diploma qualification?

Enables work in a specific industry/profession, focus on general principles, provides comprehensive knowledge and practical experience, allows further study for a degree.

What is a Bachelor's Degree qualification?

Provides a broad education, focuses on principles, theory, and research, enables a professional career, allows further study for a postgraduate degree.

What is a FET college?

An institution providing vocational or occupational training, offering a choice of courses suitable for skills and direction.

What are the three broad bands of the education system in South Africa?

General Education (GE), Further Education and Training (FET), Higher Education (HE).

What are the entrance requirements for FET colleges?

Requires being over the age of sixteen, aiming to provide marketable skills for career progression.

What is the difference between public and private FET colleges?

Public are state-subsidized, while private register with the Department of Higher Education to offer accredited courses.

Which industry fields are supported by FET colleges?

Agriculture, Business, Commerce, Management, Education, Engineering, and more.

What is Admission Point Score (APS)?

The Admission Point Score system gives points for marks in NSC examinations, influencing admission to higher learning institutions.

What subjects are compulsory in the NSC?

Two official languages (Home Language and First Additional Language), Mathematics or Mathematical Literacy, and Life Orientation.

List some examples of elective subjects in the NSC.

Accounting, Agricultural Sciences, Business Studies, Economics, Engineering Graphics and Design, etc.

What are the minimum requirements for a National Senior Certificate?

A minimum rating of 3 (40% or more) in 3 subjects, one of which must be an official language at Home Language level, and a minimum rating of 2 (30% or more) in 3 other subjects.

What are the requirements to qualify for entry into further study at the Higher Certificate level?

Pass the NSC and meet the language requirement for further study (English or Afrikaans at least at the 1st additional level).

What are the requirements to qualify for entry into further study at the Diploma level?

Pass the NSC with one official language at home language level at 40%, 3 other subjects at 40%, and 2 subjects at 30%, plus the language requirement.

What are the requirements to qualify for entry into further study at the bachelor’s degree level?

Pass the NSC with one official language at home language level at 40% or more, 4 subjects from a designated list at 50% or more, and 2 subjects at a minimum of 30%.

What is the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)?

Regulates and sets the standards in the South African education system, overseeing the development and implementation of the NQF.

What is the National Qualification Framework (NQF)?

The framework on which the standards for colleges are registered, combining education and training and transforming the education system.

What are the options for financial assistance for education?

Bursaries/scholarships, merit awards, financial aid, study loans, parents/guardian, working as student, company sponsorships, NSFAS.

What is public participation?

To be involved with others in doing something; taking part in an activity or an event.

What are the forms of public participation?

Standing for elections, attending community meetings, joining organizations, voting, paying taxes, protesting.

What is a petition?

A written document people sign to show they want change.

What is governance?

The way a country is controlled or managed by its leaders, based on co-operative governance.

What are the characteristics of good governance?

Allows participation, transparency, delivers basic human rights, is efficient, produces results, protects the environment, and is accountable.

What is proportional representation?

Parties get seats in proportion to votes (party-list system).

What are the five principles that define the rule of law?

A government that is accountable, an absence of corruption, security, order and fundamental rights, an open government that enforces laws, and access to justice.

What are the three structures of government in South Africa?

National, provincial, and local governments.

What are the objectives of local governments/municipalities?

To provide democratic government, ensure service provision, and promote social and economic development.

How can people participate in the governance and law-making processes?

People can participate in many ways, through local structures, school governing bodies, community policing forums, and NGOs.

What is the role of sport in nation building?

Sport is a way to contribute to nation building.

What is the aim of a sports code of conduct?

To get rid of violent actions, ensure a positive environment, support safety and fair play, and ban racism from sport.

How does sport support nation building?

Build tolerance, understanding, and success; oppose discrimination; build relationships; build unity through events.

How does sport detract from nation building?

Bad behavior by participants, spectators, officials, and administrators detract from nation building.

What are gender roles?

The different roles, behavior, and activities that society thinks are appropriate for women and men.

What is power inequality?

Some people have more rights/opportunities/power than others, which can lead to power struggles.

What is physical abuse?

Using physical force to cause harm or injury.

What is incest?

Sexual intercourse between people who are too closely related to marry.

What is cultural mourning period?

Traditions/behavior for mourning a death, often enforced strictly for widows.

What is domestic violence?

One person controls another using fear, guilt, threats, and violence.

What is sexual violence and rape?

Any unwanted sexual act, including forced sex, exposure to sexual acts, and rape.

What is statutory rape?

Sex with someone under the age of 16, with or without consent.

What is sexual harassment?

Unwanted sexual behavior that happens repeatedly, including comments, touching, jokes, and threats.

What are the physical effects of abuse?

Bruises, broken bones, STIs, HIV/AIDS, burns, unwanted pregnancies, death.

What are the emotional effects of abuse?

Fear, depression, anger, suicide risk, substance abuse, shame, difficulty concentrating, avoiding friends, feeling worthless.

What are some harmful substances used in food production?

Antibiotics, artificial hormones, animal by-products, pesticides, food additives, plastics.

Why are antibiotics given to animals and what are their impact?

Used to prevent disease and make animals grow faster, but can lead to antibiotic resistance in humans.

Why are artificial hormones used in food production and what are their effects?

Injected into cows to stimulate milk production, linked to deformed calves and potential cancer risk in humans.

Why are animal by-products used in food production and what are their effects?

Animal parts not eaten by humans, fed back to animals, can lead to disease epidemics.

Why pesticides are used and what are their effects?

Kills insects and weeds but can be stored in body fat and make humans ill.

Why are Food additives used and what are their effects?

Used to preserve food, may cause allergic reactions, cancer, and ADD.

What are inhumane farming methods?

Methods cruel to animals, like battery farming of chickens.

What is degradation?

Damaging or ruining something, harming the environment and people.

Give examples for the impact of degradation on society and the environment.

Soil erosion, pollution, radiation, floods, fires, wind damage, loss of open space.

What are some examples for Depletion of Resources?

Overfishing, firewood depletion, land degradation.

What is climate change?

Change in temperature and weather patterns due to buildup of gases in the atmosphere.

What is the impact of climate change on development?

Warmer world, changed rainfall, affected maize, fruit and cereal, warmer oceans, rising sea levels, droughts, and floods.

What are the mitigation methods for climate change?

Use cars less, plant indigenous trees, recycle, save water, turn off lights, collect rainwater.