My Flashcards

Selective Breeding

Choosing which organisms will reproduce to develop desired traits in a population.

Hybridization

The process of breeding two different organisms from distinct populations, resulting in offspring that inherit traits from both parents.

Inbreeding

Selective breeding of closely related organisms to produce desired traits and eliminate undesired traits.

Test Cross

A method used to determine the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype.

DNA Technology

Also known as genetic modification, it involves using laboratory-based techniques to alter DNA makeup.

Genetic Engineering

The manipulation of bacteria and other microorganisms to produce human insulin and growth hormones.

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

A protein that emits green light when exposed to ultraviolet light, used to track cell behavior.

Restriction Enzymes

Proteins isolated from bacteria that cleave DNA sequences at specific sites.

EcoRI

A restriction enzyme that cuts DNA containing the sequence GAATTC.

Gel Electrophoresis

A laboratory technique that separates molecules like DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge.

Recombinant DNA Technology

Allows scientists to manipulate DNA fragments to study them in a lab.

Vector

A carrier used to transfer recombinant DNA to a host cell.

DNA Sequencing

A laboratory technique that determines the exact order of bases in a DNA molecule.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique that amplifies a specific DNA segment to produce billions of copies.

Biotechnology

The use of genetic engineering to find solutions to problems.

Transgenic Animals

Animals that have had a foreign gene or DNA sequence, called a transgene, inserted in their genome.

The Human Genome Project

An international research initiative aimed at mapping and sequencing the entire human genome, completed in 2003.

DNA Fingerprinting

A technique that analyzes DNA to identify a person or living organism.

Identify Genes

Finding regions of a genome’s DNA sequence that encode biologically active products.

HapMap Project

A project that studies single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their effects in the genome.

Pharmacogenomics

The study of how an individual's genetic makeup influences their response to medications.

Gene Therapy

Treatment that uses genetic material to treat or prevent disease by modifying or introducing genes in a patient.

Genomics

The study of an organism's genome.

Proteomics

The study of proteins, including their structure, function, and interactions within cells.