Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment

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21 Terms

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Francois Quensay

Led the physiocrats and supported the lassier-faire, he wanted to remove restrictions on free trade such as tariffs

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Baron de Montesquieu

Large supporter of checks and balances, he believed that the powers must be separated, wrote Sprit of the Laws

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Salons

Gatherings of philosophes and other notables to divisss the ideas of the enlightenment; so called from elegant drawing rooms where they met

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John Locke

Influential philosopher who proposed that individuals have natural rights, idea of a “social contract”

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Methodism

A English revolution movement begun by John Wesley, focus on bible study and methodical approach to scriptures and christian living

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Voltaire

Leader of the Enlightenment, tolerant of religions and believed that a monarchy was the best form of government. Would listen to all viewpoints on a topic, supported by Frederick the Great

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Immanuel Kant

Professor in East Prussia, argued that if serious thinkers were granted freedom to exercise their reason in print, enlightenment would follow

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Adam Smith

Wrote The Wealth of Nations, improved the laissez-faire and went against mercantilism

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Balthasar Neumann

One of the most important architects of this time. He created the pilgrimage church of the vierzehnheiligen

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Marquise de Chatelet

A woman educated in the sciences, Translated Newton’s Principia

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Rousseau

influential 18th-century philosopher known for his ideas about the social contract, individual freedom, and the natural goodness of humanity.

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Philosophes

Philosophes were influential intellectuals and thinkers of the Enlightenment who promoted reason, science, and skepticism of traditional authority.

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James Cook

Discovered the Pacific island of Tahiti and New Zealand and Australia. Wrote "Travels" and it became a best seller.

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laissez-faire

“let them do as they please” economic doctrine that states an economy is best served when the government does not interfere, but allows the economy to self-regulate according to forces of supply and demand

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David Hume

Strongly believed in the science of man. An important figure in the history of philosophy. Had also been called "a pioneering social scientist."

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tabula rasa

“blank slate." A belief of John Locke that everyone was born as a blank slate and what they did in life determined what happened.

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Mary Astell

Female English philosopher who argued for equality for the sexes in marriage and women’s education

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Romanticism

Intellectual and artistic movement rejecting emphasis on reason of the enlightenment. Stressed on importance of intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing

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Feminism

A social and political movement advocating for the rights of women and equality between the sexes.

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Neoclassicism

A revival of the many styles and spirit of classic antiquity inspired directly from the classical period

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Carnival

Celebrated in the weeks leading up to the beginning of Lent