People in Business (HR)

What are the 5 levels (from bottom to top) of Maslow’s Hierarchy

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization

3 advantages of using Maslow’s Hierarchy

• Employees feel valued

• Increase productivity

• Less job turnovers

2 disadvantages of using Maslow’s Hierarchy

• It is time-consuming since not all employees need the same thing

• Expensive

4 benefits of well-motivated employees

1. increased productivity

2. higher job satisfaction

3. improved morale

4. reduced turnover rates

What is Taylor's Scientific Management Theory

It focuses on breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones, standardizing work processes, and providing workers with clear instructions and training to achieve maximum efficiency

The 4 things that need to be done according to Taylor's Scientific Management Theory

1. Study and analyze the work process

2. Standardize the work process

3. Select and train workers

4. Provide incentives for performance

3 advantages of using Taylor's Scientific Management Theory

• Increases efficiency

• Specialized labour

• Clear procedures

3 disadvantages of using Taylor's Scientific Management Theory

• It makes workers feel like robots

• Employees do not have a set wage since most get paid by piece

• Reduces workers creativity

What are the two factors in Herzberg's Motivation Theory that motivate workers

Hygiene and motivation factors

What do hygiene factors mean when it comes to Herzberg's Motivation Theory ( 3 things)

• good salaries

• job security

• good working conditions

What do motivation factors mean when it comes to Herzberg's Motivation Theory ( 3 things)

• reward good performance

• offer opportunities

• provide challenging work

What are fringe benefits?

• These are additional benefits usually offered to salaried employees

  • Fringe benefits could include the use of a company car, private healthcare, or gym membership

Name 3 types of financial methods of motivation

Commissions, bonuses, fringe benefits, promotions, etc.

What is commission?

Receiving additional money for selling x amount of products

Define chain of command

formal line of authority that flows downward from the top management to lower-level employees

Define span on control

the number of employees that a manager or supervisor can effectively manage

What are the two types of organizational structures that businesses can be?

• Tall Organizational Structure

• Flat Organizational Structure

What is the main characteristic of tall organizational structures?

A long chain of command and narrow span of control

What is the main characteristic of flat organizational structures?

A short chain of command and wide span of control

What is delayering when it comes to business hierarchy?

choosing to remove layers from their hierarchy which shorten the chain of command

What is the role of a manager?

They coordinate a team of employees to achieve goals and are responsible for a function within the business.

What are the 4 things managers do (POCC)

1. Plan

2. Organize

3. Command

4. Control

Wheat is delegation?

a process where responsibility for specific tasks is given to subordinates by managers

3 advantages of delegating tasks

1. Improves the skills of the employees

2. Helps the manager focus on other things

3. Makes the employee feel trust worthy

What are the 4 leadership styles?

Autocratic, paternalistic, democratic, laissez-faire

What does autocratic mean in regards to leadership style?

An autocratic leader holds absolute power and authority within a business and wants their employees to follow exact rules

What does democratic mean in regards to leadership style?

Democratic leaders actively involve employees in the decision-making process and encourage discussion, though they have the final say

What does Laissez-Faire mean in regards to leadership style?

Laissez-faire leaders play a minimal role in managing subordinates or business teams, providing little guidance and directions

What does paternalistic mean in regards to leadership style?

a leader who guides their workers and helps them get to where they need to be but they take the final decision

What is a trade union?

A trade union is an organization that represents the interests of its workers in negotiations with a firm’s management or owners

What is recruitment?

Recruitment is the process of attracting and identifying potential job candidates who are suitable for a particular role

What are the two types of recruitment?

Internal and external

What are the 5 steps of recruitment?

1. Define

2. Source

3. Advertise

4. Applications

5. Selections

What are the 3 types of training?

• Induction training

• On-the-job training

• Off-the-job training

What is induction training

It introduces new employees to the organization, its culture, policies, procedures and their job roles and responsibilities

What is on-the-job training?

A type of training that takes place while employees are working in their job roles

What is Off-the-job training?

A type of training that takes place outside of the workplace

What is dismissal?

Dismissal (firing or sacking) is the termination of employment by an employer against the will of the employee

What is redundancy?

Redundancy is where a business no longer needs a job role and a worker is dismissed, usually with compensation

4 reasons why an employee might be made redundant

• if they are not reliable

• if they are productive

• if they are meeting business objectives

• the number of skills the employee can offer

What is the integration of a business

A merger or a takeover with another business

What is ‘retrenchment’?

cutting a significant number of activities, leading to less employees needed

What are 5 legal controls for businesses that help employees?

• minimum wage level

• employment contracts

• health and safety rules

• unfair dismissal is illegal

• discrimination

What is External communication?

is the exchange of message(s) between an organisation and external entities such as customers, suppliers or investors

What is One-way communication

One-way communication transmits a message which does not require any feedback

What s Two-way communication

Two-way communication occurs when the receiver gives a response to the message received

What are the three methods of communication?

• verbal

• visual

• written