Element names and nomenclature (Ionic, Molecular, Polyatomic, Acids)

Mg

Magnesium

V

Vanadium

Tc

Technetium

Co

Cobalt

Br

Bromine

Kr

Krypton

Te

Tellurium

Be

Beryllium

Rb

Rubidium

St

Strontium

Sb

Antimony

Sn

Tin

Ga

Gallium

Pd

Palladium

Zr

Zirconium

Ru

Ruthenium

Sc

Scandium

Ba

Barium

C

Carbon

N

Nitrogen

Bi

Bismuth

Li

Lithium

Tl

Thallium

Au

Gold

Ni

Nickel

Mn

Manganese

Cr

Chromium

B

Boron

F

Fluorine

I

Iodine

Ne

Neon

H

Hydrogen

Pt

Platinum

Zn

Zinc

S

Sulfur

Po

Polonium

Pb

Lead

Mb

Molybdenum

W

Tungsten

Cd

Cadmium

In

Indium

Ag

Silver

Si

Silicon

Ge

Germanium

Se

Selenium

As

Arsenic

At

Astatine

Rh

Rhodium

K

Potassium

Nb

Niobium

Y

Yttrium

Cu

Copper

Al

Aluminum

Rn

Radon

Ar

Argon

Fe

Iron

Na

Sodium

Ca

Calcium

Hg

Mercury

Xe

Xenon

Cl

Chlorine

P

Phosphorus

O

Oxygen

He

Helium

Ti

Titanium

Fr

Francium

Cs

Cesium

Ra

Radium

C₂H₃O₂⁻

Acetate

CO₃²⁻

Carbonate

HCO₃⁻

Hydrogen Carbonate

OH⁻

Hydroxide

NO₂⁻

Nitrite

NO₃⁻

Nitrate

CrO₄²⁻

Chromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

Dichromate

PO₄³⁻

Phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

Hydrogen Phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

Dihydrogen Phosphate

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

ClO⁻

Hypochlorite

ClO₂⁻

Chlorite

ClO₃⁻

Chlorate

ClO₄⁻

Perchlorate

MnO₄⁻

Permanganate

SO₃²⁻

Sulfite

HSO₃⁻

Hydrogen Sulfite

SO₄²⁻

Sulfate

HSO₄⁻

Hydrogen Sulfate

CN⁻

Cyanide

O₂²⁻

Peroxide

atomic #

number of protons in an atom’s nucleus (defines atom)

mass #

sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom

isotope

atoms with the same # of protons but different # of neutrons (same element, slightly diff mass)

ion

charged particles that an atom loses/gains

Law of Definite Proportions

In every compound, the proportion of elements that make up the compound stays consistent no matter the size of the compound.

(i.e. no matter the sample size, the ratio of elements stays the same w/in a compound)

Law of Multiple Proportions

When 2 elements combine to form 2 diff compounds, and one of the element masses is fixed (i.e. 1 g of element A), the mass of the 2 compounds may be divided to create small whole # ratios

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

1. each element is composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms
2. all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements
3. atoms combine in simple, whole # ratios to form compounds
4. atoms of 1 element can NOT change into atoms of another element (i.e. chemical rxn = atoms changing the way they bond w/ other atoms)

Find average atomic mass

AAM = (fraction of isotope 1)x(mass of isotope 1) + (fraction of isotope 2)x(mass of isotope 2) + …

Mole

amount of material containing 6.022x10²³ particles