Physical Therapy - HOSA

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa sac

tendinopathy

disorders of the tendons

tendinitis

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

tendinosis

degeneration of a tendon believed to be caused by microtears in the tendon connective tissue

nerve entrapment

A nerve that is compressed between bone or soft tissue

traumatic injury

A wound or other injury caused by an external physical force such as an automobile accident

overuse injury

a body injury that occurs when a repeated movement causes wear and tear on the body

ligament sprain

supporting structures of joints that serve to stabilize the joint and prevent excess movement. When ligaments are overstretched fibers tear and cause pain and instability at the joint. Ex: ACL- result of a cutting or twisting movement of the knee when the foot is planted

fracture

to break (a bone)

muscle strain

an injury that occurs when a muscle is stretched beyond the limits to which it is accustomed

total joint arthroplasty

Joints most commonly replaced are weight-bearing joints. A variety of plastic and stainless steel implants are used to effectively replace degenerated joint surfaces.

review of symptoms

description of individual body systems in order to discover any symptoms not directly related to the main problem

active range of motion

the process whereby a patient puts a joint through its full extent of movement

passive range of motion

the process of putting a joint through its full extent of movement by someone other than the patient

strength

The ability of your muscles to exert a force.

Flexibility

The ability to move your body parts through their full range of motion

Functional Tests

physical tests that involve every day motions that are meant to show if a patient is ready to adjust to normal life

Special Tests

examine specific joints to indicate the presence or absence of a particular problem

Palpatation

the act of feeling with the hand

Regional Interdependence

the concept that seemingly unrelated impairments in a remote anatomical region may contribute to

client education

A general term that covers many of the clients' interactions with the practice

Biophysical agents

Use of thermal

Thermal agents

used to modify the temperature of surrounding tissue and result in a change of the amount of blood flow to the injured area (superficial heat

Fluidotherapy

A dry heating agent that transfers heat by convection. It consists of a cabinet containing finely ground particles of cellulose through which heated air is circulated.

Shockwave therapy

High powered ultra sound
Stimulates fibers to heal
Does not stimulate blood flow

manual therapy

procedures by which the hands directly contact the body to treat the articulations or soft tissues

foam rolling

self-myofascial release (SMR) better known as foam rolling is a soft tissue therapy for the treatment of skeletal muscle immobility and pain foam rolling

performed post workout and during off training days you may spend

approximately 1 to 2 minutes per foam rolling technique per side

30 to 45 seconds on a painful tender area

neural tissue mobilization

neural pathways are mobilized to break adhesions

Dry needling

a skilled intervention that uses a thin filiform needle to penetrate the skin and stimulate underlying myofascial trigger points

joint mobilization

passive movement technique designed to improve joint function

ROM exercises

Exercises that slowly move each joint through its full range of motion. They may be active (performed by the patient without assistance) or passive (performed with the help of another person or a machine). Typical ROM exercises are shoulder abduction

resistance exercise

exercise that forces muscles to contract against increased resistance; also called strength training

Flexibility exercises

A type of physical activity designed to build flexibility by stretching the muscles (and tendons) longer than normal.

Aquatic Therapy

Use of pools for treatment and rehabilitation

accessory motion

ability of joint surfaces to glide

Active assisted range of motion

The patient or resident performs the exercises with some help

active free exercises

exercises in which the patient does not receive any support or resistance

active resisted exercise

joint movement in which an external force resists the movement

activities of daily living

The basic activities a person usually accomplishes during a normal day

aerobic training

training that improves the efficiency of the aerobic energy-producing systems and can improve cardiorespiratory endurance

balance

The ability to keep an upright posture while standing still or moving.

closed kinetic chain exercises

Exercises in which the foot or hand is in a weight bearing position on the ground or some other object

chronic pain

episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous

cryotherapy

therapeutic use of cold

Goniometry

Measurement of joint motion

goniometer

instrument used to measure joint angles

hypermobile joint

joint with excessive motion

hypomobile joint

joint has less motion than is considered functional

Manual Muscle Testing

Structured approach to measure muscle strength and apply a muscle grade to the maximal effort put forth Grading scale range: Zero (0/5) to Normal (5/5)

massage

Manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing

myofascial release

a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia

open kinetic chain exercise

an exercise where the end limb segment is free (ex. biceps curl)

outcome measure

a quantifiable or objective means to determine the effectiveness of treatment or performance that is usually expressed in functional terms

Paraffin treatment

mixture of melted paraffin wax and mineral oil at a specific temperature promotes relaxation and pain relief

resisted test

allows therapist to determine general strength of a muscle group and assess whether any pain is produced with the muscle contraction

Short-wave diathermy

use electromagnetic energy to produce deep therapeutic heating effects

Ultrasound

Sound waves with frequencies above 20

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

angiography

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

Benign Paroxsymal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

occurs when calcium crystals that are normally part of the otolith organs break free and fall into the semicircular canals

bradykinesia

slow movement

computed tomography (CT)

brain-imaging method using computer-controlled X-rays of the brain

Contraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)

focuses on regaining the use of a more involved upper extremity. It has been most widely used as a functional training technique for those who have specific amounts of active wrist and finger movement following stroke.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

recording of the electrical activity of the brain

electromyography

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

exacerbation

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

expressive aphasia

The inability to produce language ( despite being able to understand language)

GUILLIAN-BARRE' SYNDROME

Self-limiting polyneuropathy of peripheral motor

hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body

hypertonia

increased muscle tone or tightness

learned nonuse

when an individual learns to compensate for a deficit by employing other intact abilities and

lumbar puncture

assists with measuring intracranial pressure; also used to collect cerebrospinal fluid to identify pathogens or abnormal chemical/cellular content;

magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

motor control

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

motor learning

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience

multiple sclerosis

myelin sheath destruction. disruptions in nerve impulse conduction

muscle tone

the tension in a relaxed muscle

nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

neuroplasticity

the ability within the brain to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma

paraplegia

paralysis from the waist down

Parkinson's disease

A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement

perception

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

receptive aphasia

inability to understand spoken or written words

rigidity

the physical property of being stiff and resisting bending

sensation

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

spasticity

increased muscle tone

spinal chord injury

Injury to the spinal chord may create weakness or numbness in the extremities past the site of the injury

stroke

A sudden attack of weakness or paralysis that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted

tetraplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical

tremor

a shaking movement

unilateral spatial neglect

when a person ignores part of his or her visual field

vertigo

dizziness

angina

chest pain

Areteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

blood gas analysis

assessment of blood (usually arterial) to determine the con-centrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide

cardiac

pertaining to the heart

cardiac catheterization

is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is guided through a blood vessel to the heart to diagnose or treat certain heart conditions, such as clogged arteries or irregular heartbeats

cardiac muscle dysfunction

various pathologic conditions associated with heart failure

cardiac pacemaker

battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart