Enlightenment Thinkers
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Thomas Hobbes
Born in England, 1588
Lived through English Civil War, period of chaos and violence
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
All people are naturally evil, one single ruler is needed, social agreement —> no freedom for protection
John Locke
Born in England 1632
Also lived through turbulent times
Came to different conclusions about people
What did John Locke believe?
Experiences shape humans, if gov is bad then it can be overthrown
What did Voltaire fight for?
Toleration of different people, ideas, religionsW
What did voltaire believe?
Believed in freedom of speech, religion, and expression. All people shoudl regard each other as brothers despite religious differences
What did Baron de Montesquieu believe?
Separation of powers to prevent tyranny (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)
What was Mary Wollstonecraft an advocate for?
Equal educational opportunity for women —> women should be in fields like medicine and politics
What was Cesare Beccaria against?
cruel and unusual punishment (torture, death penalty)
What did Cesare Beccaria advocate for?
Speedy fair trials and that the punishment should fit the crime
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe?
People are naturally good, but society corrupts them, and government must be freely formed by the people and serve the general will of society
What did Thomas paine advocate for?
American Independence
What did Thomas Paine argue against and promote?
Argued against organized religion and Chrisitan theology and promoted reason and free thought
Who believes that women are more focused on beauty than their minds?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who believes that claiming land as your own leads to wars?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who believes that torture is useless and wrong?
Cesare Beccaria
Who believes that everyone (despite religious beliefs should be brothers?
Voltaire
Who believes that leaders will abuse powers and checks and balances are needed?
Baron de Montesquieu
Who believes that churches only care about profit?
Thomas Paine