Relationship between ownership and control of media

Curran (Hegemonic Marxist)

The media is owned by a small elite who use it to promote ruling class ideology and maintain power

Frankfurt School (Hegemonic Marxist)

The media is a "culture industry" that pacifies the masses with entertainment

Glasgow Media Group (Hegemonic Marxist view)

Media bias comes from journalists’ backgrounds, leading to hegemonic support for capitalism.

Doyle (Hegemonic Marxist)

Concentrated media ownership can limit diversity and freedom of expression, making regulation essential.

Baudrillard (Postmodernist)

Media creates a simulated reality that blurs the line between truth and fiction, making it hard to tell what's real.

Milliband (Instrumental Marxist)

Media is a tool of the ruling class, used to control ideas and prevent rebellion.

Bagdikian (Instrumental Marxist)

A few giant corporations dominate the media, reducing diversity in viewpoints and promoting capitalist interests.

Levene (Pluralist)

More media choice allows people to challenge dominant ideologies and promotes democratic debate.

Castles and Kosack (Instrumental Marxist)

Media presents ethnic minorities as a threat, dividing the working class and serving capitalist interests.

Jones

The media demonises the working class (e.g. in Chavs), promoting negative stereotypes that justify inequality.