DÉVELOPPEMENT ET INÉGALITÉS

Flashcards based on lecture notes about development and inequalities.

What does the term 'development' measure?

The capacity of a state to meet the vital needs of its population (food, housing, healthcare, education).

What do 'inequalities' refer to?

Differences between individuals or territories that lead to a hierarchy between them; can be economic or social.

Development signifies the of the general living conditions of a population.

Improvement in the general living conditions of a population in terms of housing, health, food, and education.

What are the three components of development in a strict sense?

The average standard of living, access to an effective healthcare system, and access to an effective education system.

What does 'wealth' designate?

Importance of the value produced by a national economy in a year and the scale of income an individual has to live on during a year.

What does the Human Development Index (HDI) combine?

Combines social and economic criteria: health (life expectancy at birth), education (average years of schooling, expected years of schooling), standard of living (gross national income per capita).

What does the Multidimensional Poverty Index measure?

Measures the percentage of poor people in a population based on indicators of education, health, and standard of living.

What does the Gini index measure?

Measures the inequality of income distribution within a population.

What are 'developed countries'?

Countries where the majority of the population meets its vital needs.

What are 'emerging countries'?

Countries with a lower GDP per capita than developed countries but experiencing rapid economic growth.

What are 'intermediate-income countries'?

Countries that have emerged from monetary poverty (having less than two dollars per capita per day to live on).

What are 'least developed countries'?

The poorest and least developed countries on the planet, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa.

What is socio-spatial segregation?

The imposed segregation of certain social groups in urban space.

How do states combat inequalities?

States provide financial aid to the less favored populations and territories.

What is a redistribution policy?

Policy implemented by a state to reduce income inequalities between individuals.

inequalities, sustainable development

The UNDP aims to reduce and promote __.

What is a non-governmental organization?

An organization independent of states, which carries out public interest actions on an international scale.

What is economic transition?

Mutation aimed at a more balanced economic, social, and environmental development.