Microbial Phase of Periodontal Diseases

Flashcards covering the aetiology, predisposing factors, colour complex classification and keystone concept in periodontal diseases.

What characterizes periodontal disease?

Supporting tissues of teeth are attacked, involving both microorganisms and the host immune response.

List some predisposing factors for periodontitis.

Trauma, tobacco smoking, viral infection, pregnancy, intestinal disturbances, vitamin deficiency, malnutrition, psychiatric disease, HIV infection, and diabetes.

What are the characteristics of Acute/Ulcerative Gingivitis?

Inflammation of the gingiva caused by accumulation of dental plaque, clinically characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding of tissue.

Describe Chronic Gingivitis.

Gingivae swollen and red, pain and discomfort not common. Increase in Anaerobic gram negative bacteria, Actinomyces spp, and Capnocytophaga spp. Treatment involves plaque control and good oral hygiene and it is reversible.

What are the characteristics of Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

Severe and painful form of gingivitis. Aetiology includes Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Spirochaetes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. Treatment involves removal of plaque, good oral hygiene, and Metronidazole.

Describe Chronic Periodontitis/Adult Periodontitis.

Most common form, affects adults, pocket depth > 3mm, and is irreversible. Aetiology includes anaerobes and proteolytic enzymes such as Prophymonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobaterium nucleatum.

What are the characteristics of Aggressive/Juvenile periodontitis?

Affects first Molars and Incisors, occurs in less than 0.01% of the population, with genetic predisposing factors. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans produces leukotoxin. Treatment includes Tetracycline.

What bacteria comprise the Red complex in periodontal pathogens?

P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola

What bacteria comprise the Orange complex in periodontal pathogens?

Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescenes, Fusobacterium nucleatum, P. micros, E. nodatum, C. rectus

What bacteria comprise the Green complex in periodontal pathogens?

A.actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophyga species, E corrodens

What bacteria comprise the Purple complex in periodontal pathogens?

Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces, streptococcus species

Explain the Keystone Concept in periodontal disease.

P. gingivalis influences microbial community and its interplay with the host environments and impairs the innate immunity, which alters the growth and the development of the entire biofilm.

What are the effects of leukocyte subversion in periodontal disease?

Allows uncontrolled growth of other species in the same biofilm. Which leads to enhanced complement –dependent destructive inflammation. P. gingivalis also inhibits IL-8 and IL-8 like chemokines early in disease process.