USH Unit 4 (Working!)

Sectionalism

Differences between regions of the United States in economy

Industrial Economy

Economic system based on factories

Agricultural Economy

Economic system based on farming and plantations; dominant in the South.

King Cotton

The idea that cotton production dominated and controlled the Southern economy.

Cotton Gin

Invention that increased cotton production and greatly increased the demand for slave labor.

Election of 1848

Presidential election focused on the issue of slavery in new territories.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed law to ban slavery in territories gained from the Mexican-American War; never passed.

Free Soil Party

Political party formed to stop the expansion of slavery into western territories.

Popular Sovereignty

The idea that settlers in a territory should vote to decide whether slavery is allowed.

Gold Rush of 1849

Discovery of gold in California that caused rapid population growth and demand for statehood.

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws passed to delay civil war by addressing slavery issues in new territories.

Fugitive Slave Act

Law requiring Northerners to help capture and return escaped slaves.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Anti-slavery novel that exposed the brutality of slavery and increased Northern opposition.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Law allowing popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska

Bleeding Kansas

Violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court case ruling that African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.

John Brown

Radical abolitionist who attempted to start a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry.

Harpers Ferry Raid

John Brown’s failed attempt to seize a federal armory and spark a slave uprising.

Election of 1860

Presidential election won by Abraham Lincoln that led to Southern secession.

Secession

The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union.

Confederacy

Group of Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own government.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America.

Fort Sumter

Site of the first shots of the Civil War in April 1861.

Battle of Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War; Confederate victory.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single day of the Civil War; led to the Emancipation Proclamation.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln’s order freeing slaves in Confederate states and giving the war a moral purpose.

Battle of Gettysburg

Major Union victory that ended Confederate invasion of the North.

Gettysburg Address

Speech by Lincoln redefining the war as a fight for democracy and equality.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general who led successful campaigns and accepted Lee’s surrender.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union general known for total war and Sherman’s March.

Sherman’s March

Union campaign that destroyed Southern cities

Habeas Corpus

Legal protection against being jailed without trial; suspended by Lincoln during the war.

Total War

Military strategy that targets an enemy’s civilians

Appomattox Court House

Location where General Lee surrendered to General Grant

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

Lincoln Assassination

Killing of Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth on April 14