Unit 5 Vocab

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Industrialization

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

Steel Industry

An example of big business that was made possible by Captain of Industry Andrew Carnegie. It helped fuel industrialism in America and the manufacturing center was Pittsburgh.

Chinese Labor

the immigrant work force responsibie for building the trans-continental Railroad

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

Monopolies

Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service.

Thomas Edison

Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Ellis Island

the inspection and processing center for immigrants, they would check immigrants for diseases

New immigration

Immigrants from Southern and Eastern European countries and Asia arriving in the late 1800s

Labor Unions

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Samuel Gompers

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

AFL

A labor union formed in 1886 by Samuel Gompers in order to voice the working class (only highly skilled laborers). It fought against labor forces and debated work conditions for skilled workers. Utilized Strikes.

Sitting Bull

American Indian chief, he lead the victory of Little Bighorn

Wounded Knee

In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived.

Pullman Strike

1894 - nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Prez. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery

Progressive Era

1890 - 1920, Progressives tended to be women, middle class, and live in urban areas. Progressives sought to use government influence to solve societal problems.

Muckraker

1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business

Upton Sinclair

muckraking journalist who wrote The Jungle

federal oversight

Evaluate that implementing organizations have the ability and resources to carry out implementation(FDA, Pure Food & Drug, Meat Inspection)

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House, peace activist and a leader of the settlement house movement in America.

Hull House

Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty.

Jim Crow

Laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery.

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

NAACP

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

Ida Terbell

Muckraker who brought up the unfair practices such as those from John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company

Initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

recall

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

Referendum

a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue

Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment)

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

President Theodore Roosevelt

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment