Introduction to Kingdom Fungi and Basidiomycota

stipe

supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap

pileus

cap of a mushroom

resupinate

lying flat on substrate; without a stalk or well-defined cap

gleba

fertile surface of Gasteromycetes which is not exposed to the environment

amyloid (characteristic staining reaction)

blue-black in iodine

dextrinoid (characteristic staining reaction)

red-brown in iodine

light spore print color

white, yellow, pink, lilac

dark spore print color

black, purple, brown, red, rust, green

fungal specific organelles

golgi equivalents & microbodies

golgi equivalents

single cisternal elements

microbodies

function in fatty acid degradation, Nitrogen metabolism

spïtzenkorper

aggregation of vesicles associated with growing hyphal tips in fungi

sexual spores

product of meiosis

asexual spores

product of mitosis

spore

minute propagative unit, functioning as a seed, but not containing a pre-formed embryo

heterotrophic

requiring organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen for nourishment

saprobes

derive food from dead organic matter

chitin

the principle component of cell walls in some fungi; a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine

hypha(e)

any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus; basic cellular unit of filamentous fungi

yeast

unicellular fungi

filamentous

fungi that contains hyphae

septate

hyphae that are divided into cells

coenocytic / aseptate

hyphae that are NOT divided into cells

mycelium

the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae

sporocarp

any complex fungal structure that contains or bears spores

homology

similarity due to common ancestry

homoplasy

similarity of characters that evolved independently

phylogenetics

the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

sterigma(ta)

section between basidium and basidiospores

holobasidium

aseptate / coenocytic basidium

phragmobasidium

basidium with septations

ballistospores

forcibly ejected basidiospores; the Hilar appendix and Buller’s
droplet aide in ballistospory.

statismospores

passively ejected basidiospores, symmetrically situated on sterigmata; NO Hilar appendix = NO Buller’s droplet

cystidium

sterile cell occurring amongst basidia along the hymenium; can have different shapes, sizes, & ornamentations

dikaryotic

____ tissue has two separate but compatible nuclei in each cell compartment; unique to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota
n+n

clamp connections

hyphal extension in opposite orientation of growth and function in maintaining the Dikaryon in Basidiomycota

basidioma(ta)

formal term used to designate the basidiocarp or the sporocarp of basidiomycetes

hymenium

spore-producing region; gills, pores, or teeth

septal pore

something to close up the pore

Tremellomycetes

Cystofilobasidiales
Filobasidales
Tremellales

Dacrymycetes

Dacrymycetales

Agaricomycetes

Auriculariales
Sebacinales
Cantharellales
Trechisporales

teliospore

site of karyogamy, technically part of the basidium

karyogamy

the fusion of cell nuclei (as in fertilization)