La literatura romántica, realista y naturalista (AP)

Romanticism

A literary movement emphasizing emotion, imagination, and individualism, often glorifying nature and the past.

Realism

A literary movement focused on objective portrayal of everyday life, highlighting ordinary people and social issues.

Naturalism

An extension of Realism that examines how environment and heredity influence behavior, often portraying darker aspects of life.

José de Espronceda

A prominent Romantic poet known for 'Poesías' and 'El estudiante de Salamanca'.

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

A Spanish Romantic poet known for 'Rimas' and 'Leyendas', exploring themes of love and loss.

Romantic poetry

A genre that emphasizes strong emotions and imagination, often reflecting on nature and individual experience.

Emilia Pardo Bazán

A pioneering female writer in Spanish Naturalism, known for works like 'Los pazos de Ulloa'.

Unrequited love

A central theme in Romantic literature, referring to love that is not reciprocated.

Symbolism

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities; prominent in Romantic and Naturalist literature.

'Las medias rojas'

A short story by Emilia Pardo Bazán that critiques social oppression and the consequences of longing for escape.

Charles Darwin

His theories influenced Naturalism by emphasizing the role of heredity in shaping human behavior.

Cyclical nature

A theme in Bécquer's 'Rima LIII', illustrating the contrast between nature's return and the irreversibility of human love.

'En una tempestad'

A Romantic poem by José María Heredia reflecting themes of nature's power and internal struggle.

Octave

A stanza of eight lines, commonly used in Romantic poetry, as seen in Bécquer's 'Rima LIII'.

The sublime

A Romantic ideal where nature's overwhelming beauty reflects intense emotion and grandeur.

Imagery

Visually descriptive language used to evoke sensory experience, prevalent in Romantic and Naturalist works.

Determinism

A philosophical concept in Naturalism that suggests human actions are determined by external forces.

Social commentary

A critical statement about society or culture, often found in Realist literature.

Middle Ages and Renaissance

Historical periods idealized in Romantic literature for their perceived authenticity and nobility.

Metaphor

A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unrelated things, common in poetic language.

Lyric poetry

A form of poetry expressing personal emotions and feelings, prominent in Romantic writing.

Negative external forces

Themes in Naturalism that explore how societal and environmental conditions shape individual fate.

Nostalgia

A sentimental longing for the past, a key theme explored in the works of Bécquer.

Narrative style

The method of storytelling used by an author; can be detached in Naturalism.

Industrialization

A major social change influencing Realist literature, reflecting on class struggles and societal impacts.

Linearity

The straightforward sequence of events in the narrative structure of short stories like 'Las medias rojas'.

'La Regenta'

A novel by Leopoldo Alas, regarded as a masterpiece of psychological realism.

Emotional depth

A characteristic of Realist and Naturalist literature, exploring complex character psychology.

Heritage and environment

Key concepts in Naturalism examining how these factors contribute to human behavior.

Cuban political context

The backdrop influencing Heredia’s 'En una tempestad', reflecting desires for independence.

Romantic idealism

The belief in the importance of individual feelings and nature's beauty, central to Romantic literature.

Extended metaphor

An ongoing comparison throughout a literary work, often found in Romantic poetry.

Symbol of childhood

The swallow in Bécquer's 'Rima LIII' represents lost youth and the longing for unrequited love.

Descriptive passages

Detailed descriptions that paint vivid pictures, used effectively in Naturalist works.

Themes of despair

Commonly explored in Naturalism, reflecting the harsh realities faced by individuals in society.

Social class dynamics

A critical aspect of Realist literature, often depicting struggles between different social groups.

Themes of freedom

Recurring motifs in Romantic literature, representing the desire for liberation and self-expression.

'Don Juan Tenorio'

A romantic play by José Zorrilla that offers a legendary interpretation of the notorious seducer.

Personification

Attributing human traits to non-human entities, often used to evoke emotion in poetry.

Temporal conflict

Struggles portrayed in literature that reflect the tension between past and present experiences.

Naturalism in Spain

A literary movement highlighting environmental and hereditary influences, pioneered by writers like Pardo Bazán.

Revolutionary themes

Ideas of change and upheaval present in Romantic poetry, reflecting socio-political sentiments.

Realism's impact

Significant for developing a more honest and grounded literary approach that influenced future writers.

Characterization

The creation of characters in fiction; Realism often emphasizes detailed, realistic character profiles.

Literary movements

Categories of writing styles characterized by shared themes and approaches, like Romanticism, Realism, and Naturalism.

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which one thing is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it.

'La tribuna'

A Naturalist work by Emilia Pardo Bazán, depicting women's societal struggles.