Unit 2-Particles and radiation

These were created with AI and are for general testing

The ___ is the positively charged center of an atom.

nucleus

___ are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons

Protons and neutrons are found in the ___ of an atom.

nucleus

The number of protons in an atom determines its ___ in the periodic table.

atomic number

Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass but have ___ charge.

no

A nucleus is considered ___ if it has a balanced ratio of protons to neutrons.

stable

___ nuclei tend to undergo radioactive decay over time.

Unstable

The process of an unstable nucleus releasing energy and particles is known as ___.

radioactive decay

Stable nuclei have ___ binding energy, which keeps them intact.

high

When an unstable nucleus decays, it can transform into a different element or a ___ of that element.

isotope

An ___ is a particle that has the same mass as a particle but opposite charge.

antiparticle

___ are massless particles that carry electromagnetic force.

Photons

The annihilation of a particle and its ___ produces high-energy photons.

antiparticle

Photons exhibit both wave-like and ___-like properties, demonstrating the principles of quantum mechanics.

particle

The fundamental force responsible for the attraction between charged particles is called the ___.

electromagnetic force

Particles that experience the strong force are known as ___.

hadrons

The weak force is responsible for processes like ___ decay.

beta

___ is the particle that mediates the weak nuclear force.

W boson

The interaction between particles is often described by the exchange of ___.

force carriers

Particles that possess mass and experience the gravitational force are known as ___.

matter particles

Quarks combine to form ___.

hadrons

The ___ particles are responsible for mediating fundamental forces.

gauge

Antiquarks have the __ charge compared to their corresponding quarks.

opposite

A particle consisting of two quarks is known as a ___.

meson

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only ___ from one form to another.

transformed

In a closed system, the total momentum before an event must equal the total momentum ___ the event.

after

Conservation laws are essential in analyzing ___ collisions, where no external forces act on the system.

elastic

The conservation of charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains ___.

constant

In nuclear reactions, the total mass-energy before the reaction equals the total mass-energy ___ the reaction.

after