Consciousness & Learning

how long does it take us to cycle through our sleep stages?

90 minutes

sleep stages

awake

stage 1

stage 2

stage 3

REM

facts about stage 1

theta waves

hallucinations

can be easily awakened

hypnagogic sensations

facts about stage 2

can be easily awakened

theta waves

sleep spindles (sudden bursts of activity) & k-complexes

facts about stage 3

cannot be easily awakened

sleep walking

night terrors

bed wetting

gets briefer as night progresses

feel groggy when awakened

facts about REM

cannot be easily awakened

paradoxical sleep

muscles become paralyzed

genitals become aroused

breathing becomes irregular

insomnia

sleep disorder where inability to fall asleep or stay asleep

what are given to treat insomnia

depressants

narcolespy

sleep disorder where one goes from awake to straight asleep into REM

awake to deep sleep

treatment given for narcolepsy

stimulants

sleep apnea

sleep disorder where pause in breathing while sleeping

symptoms= snoring

somnabulism

sleep walking

stage 3 disorder

activation synthesis theory

biological theory

cerebral cortex is trying to interpret random electrical activity we have while sleeping

night terrors

intense feelings of dread & can become sleep disorder if chronic problem

REM sleep disorder

muscles don’t become paralyzed

treated w narcotics

Freud’s wish fulfillment theory

dreams are roadway into unconscious

manifest content = storyline

latent cotent = underlying meaning

information process theory

dreams consolidates our memories

circadian rhythm

biological clock

24 hr cycle

alpha waves during which stage

awake

depressants

slows down body process

examples of depressants

alcohol

barbiturates

heroin

stimulants

increases body process

examples of stimulants

caffeine

cocaine

metaphatamine

nicotine

hallucinogens

distort perceptions and reality

examples of hallucinogens

psilocybin

THC

LSD

tolerance

reduced response to drug after repeated use & exposure

withdrawal

physical or mental symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing intake of a substance which body has become dependent on

acquisition happens when

neutral stimulus is paired with unconditioned stimulus and becomes conditioned stimulus

extinction occurs when

conditioned response decreases when conditioned response is repeatedly exposed alone

discrimination

learning to distinguish between a CS an other

spontaneous recovery

usc is presented again w ns

albert bandura

bobo doll experiment —> modeling - prosocial & antisocial behavior imr

impringting concept shown by

konrad lorenz

ducks follow parents everywhere

primary reinforcers

reward that satisfies biological need

secondary reinforcer

money, praise