Studied by 5 people
intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
factor analysis
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score
general intelligence
according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
savant syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
creativity
the ability to produce new and valuable ideas
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
mental age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a ___ of 8
Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.
intelligence quotient (IQ)
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, ___ = ma/ca X 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
aptitude test
a test designed to predict a person's future performance; ___ is the capacity to learn
achievement test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
the ___ and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence test; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
normal curve
the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data. Most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes
reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
content validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
criterion
the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity
predictive validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity)
mental retardation
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70 and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
down syndrome
a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
stereotype threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
construct validity
the extent to which a test measures the psychological construct (e.g. intelligence, anxiety) that it is purported to measure
dynamic testing
a procedure in which static (standardized testing) is followed up with an interaction in which the examiner gives the subject guided feedback on how to improve performance and observes how the subject utilizes the information
entity theorists
an individual who believes that people's characteristics are fixed and relatively unchangeable
incremental theorist
an individual who believes that people's characteristics are changeable, not fixed
interjudge reliability
the extent to which different observers or scorers agree in their scoring of a particular test or observed behavior
metacomponents
in Sternberg's triarchic model of intelligence, the higher-level intellectual abilities used to plan and regulate task performance
Howard Gardner's eight (1/2) multiple intelligence's
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Musical
Spacial
Bodily-kinesthetic
Intrapersonal (self)
Interpersonal (other people)
Naturalist
Existential
outcome bias
occurs when an intelligence test score underestimates a person's true intellectual ability
predictive bias
occurs when an intelligence test successfully predicts criterion measures, such as school or job performance, for some groups but not for others
three-stratum theory of cognitives abilities
a model of intelligence based on factor analysis that contains three hierarchical levels of ability, from specific skills to a general intellectual (g) factor
triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg's theory of intelligence that distinguishes between analytical, practical, and creative forms of mental ability
psychometrics
the statistical study of psychological tests; the ___ approach to intelligence focuses on the number and nature of abilities that define intelligence
Note 
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